Design of an interstitial structure for a grape seed oil emulsion by design of experiments and surface response

An interstitial structure was designed to prepare a mini (nano) - emulsion of grape seed oil; the interface was composed of surface active molecules (biopolymers and surfactants) to produce the mini (nano) - emulsion by interfacial deposition of oil by displacement of acetone from the dispersed phase. Design of Experiments of mixes and Respond Surface was used to determine the best formulations for the system: F1, Surfactants: Tween 20, T, (0.68%), Dimodan, D, (0.317%) and Panodan, P, (0.0013%) and F2, Polymers system: Gum Arabic, GA, (0.029%), Maltodextrin, MD, (0.115%) and whey protein concentrate, WPC, (0.187%). The proposed formulation was prepared considering the lowest value of surface tension for surfactants and the highest value for the polymers system. A leptokurtic size distribution was obtained for the interstitial structure, prepared with a stirring rate of 10000 rpm and resulting in an average diameter of 0.185 ffm and a Z -potential of -18.23 mV. The emulsion was prepared using this structure and resulting average size and Z-potential values were 0.188 μm and -18.55 mV respectively. These results were not significantly different from those of the interstitial structure and therefore, it was concluded that the final composition of the emulsion and preparation procedure were adequate.