Solubility of Squalene and Fatty Acids in Carbon Dioxide at Supercritical Conditions: Binary and Ternary Systems

Experimental solubility determinations of binary and ternary systems that involve fatty acids (palmitic acid and oleic acid) in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO₂) were performed using an experimental system based on the static synthetic method with online sampling. The solubility data of squalene + sc-CO₂, and palmitic acid + sc-CO₂ were obtained and compared with data from the international literature resulting in the validation of the experimental method. Experimental solubility measurements of squalene + palmitic acid + sc-CO₂, and squalene + oleic acid + sc-CO₂ were studied at pressures from 9.00 to 30.38 MPa and temperatures between 313.30 and 333.48 K. The standard uncertainties for temperature and pressure were evaluated to be 0.02 K and 0.02 MPa, respectively. The relative combined expanded uncertainty (k = 2) for the composition was estimated to be U_r(y) = 0.051. Chrastil, del-Valle and Aguilera, Bartle et al., and Kumar and Johnston models were used to correlate the experimental solubility data. The modeling results validated the self-consistency of experimental data in the entire range of measurement.