Identification and quantitative determination of feruloyl-glucoside from hairy root cultures of Turbinicarpus lophophoroides (Werderm.) Buxb. & Backeb. (Cactaceae)

Transformed hairy root cultures have become an alternative for the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites with biological activities. In this present work, the effects of liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg B5 (B5) medium on kinetic behavior, biomass and phenolic metabolite production were analyzed in Turbinicarpus lophophoroides (Werderm.) Buxb. & Backeb. hairy root cultures. Liquid MS medium showed the highest biomass production (13.67 g L⁻¹ dry weight) after 77 d of culture. For B5 medium, highest biomass was achieved sooner, at day 56, but with lower total biomass (8.10 g L⁻¹ dry weight). After isolation, structural elucidation of the major compound present in T. lophophoroides hairy roots was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral analysis. As a result, a ferulic acid derivative (feruloyl-glucoside) was isolated from T. lophophoroides hairy roots and reported for the first time. Quantitative analysis indicated that feruloyl-glucoside was the major phenolic metabolite at 56 d of growth in MS medium (2.7267 ± 0.041 mg g⁻¹ dry weight L⁻¹) and at 7 and 35 d in B5 medium (2.6328 ± 0.108 and 2.4372 ± 0.026 mg g⁻¹ dry weight L⁻¹, respectively). The feruloyl-glucoside was not detected in untransformed roots (control). The present results suggested the potential of T. lophophoroides hairy roots culture for the production of this phenolic glycoside.