TY - JOUR
T1 - Transcriptional Activation of a Pro-Inflammatory Response (NF-κB, AP-1, IL-1β) by the Vibrio cholerae Cytotoxin (VCC) Monomer through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in the THP-1 Human Macrophage Cell Line
AU - Escartín-Gutiérrez, Julio Rodrigo
AU - Ponce-Figueroa, Mariana
AU - Torres-Vega, Miguel Ángel
AU - Aguilar-Faisal, Leopoldo
AU - Figueroa-Arredondo, Paula
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - This study describes, to some extent, the VCC contribution as an early stimulation of the macrophage lineage. Regarding the onset of the innate immune response caused by infection, the β form of IL-1 is the most important interleukin involved in the onset of the inflammatory innate response. Activated macrophages treated in vitro with VCC induced the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in a one-hour period, with the activation of transcriptional regulators for a surviving and pro-inflammatory response, suggesting an explanation inspired and supported by the inflammasome physiology. The mechanism of IL-1β production induced by VCC has been gracefully outlined in murine models, using bacterial knockdown mutants and purified molecules; nevertheless, the knowledge of this mechanism in the human immune system is still under study. This work shows the soluble form of 65 kDa of the Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin (also known as hemolysin), as it is secreted by the bacteria, inducing the production of IL-1β in the human macrophage cell line THP-1. The mechanism involves triggering the early activation of the signaling pathway MAPKs pERK and p38, with the subsequent activation of (p50) NF-κB and AP-1 (cJun and cFos), determined by real-time quantitation. The evidence shown here supports that the monomeric soluble form of the VCC in the macrophage acts as a modulator of the innate immune response, which is consistent with the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome actively releasing IL-1β.
AB - This study describes, to some extent, the VCC contribution as an early stimulation of the macrophage lineage. Regarding the onset of the innate immune response caused by infection, the β form of IL-1 is the most important interleukin involved in the onset of the inflammatory innate response. Activated macrophages treated in vitro with VCC induced the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in a one-hour period, with the activation of transcriptional regulators for a surviving and pro-inflammatory response, suggesting an explanation inspired and supported by the inflammasome physiology. The mechanism of IL-1β production induced by VCC has been gracefully outlined in murine models, using bacterial knockdown mutants and purified molecules; nevertheless, the knowledge of this mechanism in the human immune system is still under study. This work shows the soluble form of 65 kDa of the Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin (also known as hemolysin), as it is secreted by the bacteria, inducing the production of IL-1β in the human macrophage cell line THP-1. The mechanism involves triggering the early activation of the signaling pathway MAPKs pERK and p38, with the subsequent activation of (p50) NF-κB and AP-1 (cJun and cFos), determined by real-time quantitation. The evidence shown here supports that the monomeric soluble form of the VCC in the macrophage acts as a modulator of the innate immune response, which is consistent with the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome actively releasing IL-1β.
KW - AP-1 survival response
KW - ERK
KW - IL-1β
KW - MAPKs
KW - NF-κB cell death response
KW - VCC
KW - Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin
KW - innate immune response
KW - p38
KW - pro-inflammatory
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85156198775&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijms24087272
DO - 10.3390/ijms24087272
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 37108435
AN - SCOPUS:85156198775
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 24
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 8
M1 - 7272
ER -