TY - JOUR
T1 - State of art of alkaline earth metal oxides catalysts used in the transesterification of oils for biodiesel production
AU - Tavizón-Pozos, Jesús Andrés
AU - Chavez-Esquivel, Gerardo
AU - Suárez-Toriello, Víctor Alejandro
AU - Santolalla-Vargas, Carlos Eduardo
AU - Luévano-Rivas, Oscar Abel
AU - Valdés-Martínez, Omar Uriel
AU - Talavera-López, Alfonso
AU - Rodriguez, Jose Antonio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Biodiesel produced through catalytic transesterification of triglycerides from edible and non-edible oils and alcohol is considered an alternative to traditional petro-diesel. The interest in the use of alkaline earth metal oxides as heterogeneous basic catalysts has increased due to their availability, non-toxicity, the capacity to be reused, low cost, and high concentration of surface basic sites that provide the activity. This work is a compilation of the strategies to understand the effect of the source, synthesis, and thermal treatment of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO on the improvement of the surface basic sites density and strength, the morphology of the solid structure, stability during reaction and reusability. These parameters are commonly modified or enhanced by mixing these oxides or with alkaline metals. Also, the improvement of the acid-base properties and to avoid the lixiviation of catalysts can be achieved by supporting the alkaline earth metal oxides on another oxide. Additionally, the effect of the most relevant operation conditions in oil transesterification reactions such as methanol to oil ratio, temperature, agitation method, pressure, and catalysts concentration are reviewed. This review attempts to elucidate the optimum parameters of reaction and their application in different oils.
AB - Biodiesel produced through catalytic transesterification of triglycerides from edible and non-edible oils and alcohol is considered an alternative to traditional petro-diesel. The interest in the use of alkaline earth metal oxides as heterogeneous basic catalysts has increased due to their availability, non-toxicity, the capacity to be reused, low cost, and high concentration of surface basic sites that provide the activity. This work is a compilation of the strategies to understand the effect of the source, synthesis, and thermal treatment of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO on the improvement of the surface basic sites density and strength, the morphology of the solid structure, stability during reaction and reusability. These parameters are commonly modified or enhanced by mixing these oxides or with alkaline metals. Also, the improvement of the acid-base properties and to avoid the lixiviation of catalysts can be achieved by supporting the alkaline earth metal oxides on another oxide. Additionally, the effect of the most relevant operation conditions in oil transesterification reactions such as methanol to oil ratio, temperature, agitation method, pressure, and catalysts concentration are reviewed. This review attempts to elucidate the optimum parameters of reaction and their application in different oils.
KW - Alkaline-earth metals
KW - Basicity
KW - Biodiesel
KW - Heterogeneous catalysts
KW - Operation conditions
KW - Recycle
KW - Transesterification
KW - Vegetable oils
KW - Wasted cooking oils
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102428226&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en14041031
DO - 10.3390/en14041031
M3 - Artículo de revisión
AN - SCOPUS:85102428226
SN - 1996-1073
VL - 14
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
IS - 4
M1 - 1031
ER -