TY - JOUR
T1 - Paralytic toxin profile of the marine dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum Graham from the Mexican Pacific as revealed by LC-MS/MS
AU - Bustillos-Guzmán, José J.
AU - Band-Schmidt, Christine J.
AU - Durán-Riveroll, Lorena M.
AU - Hernández-Sandoval, Francisco E.
AU - López-Cortés, David J.
AU - Núñez-Vázquez, Erick J.
AU - Cembella, Allan
AU - Krock, Bernd
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Taylor & Francis.
PY - 2015/3/4
Y1 - 2015/3/4
N2 - The paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) profiles of Gymnodinium catenatum Graham have been reported for several strains from the Pacific coast of Mexico cultured under different laboratory conditions, as well as from natural populations. Up to 15 saxitoxin analogues occurred and the quantity of each toxin depended on the growth phase and culture conditions. Previous analysis of toxin profiles of G. catenatum isolated from Mexico have been based on post-column oxidation liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD), a method prone to artefacts and non-specificity, leading to misinterpretation of toxin composition. We describe, for the first time, the complete toxin profile for several G. catenatum strains from diverse locations of the Pacific coast of Mexico. The new results confirmed previous reports on the dominance of the less potent sulfocarbamoyl toxins (C1/2); significant differences, however, in the composition (e.g., absence of saxitoxin, gonyautoxin 2/3 and neosaxitoxin) were revealed in our confirmatory analysis. The LC-MS/MS analyses also indicated at least seven putative benzoyl toxin analogues and provided support for their existence. This new toxin profile shows a high similarity (> 80%) to the profiles reported from several regions around the world, suggesting low genetic variability among global populations.
AB - The paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) profiles of Gymnodinium catenatum Graham have been reported for several strains from the Pacific coast of Mexico cultured under different laboratory conditions, as well as from natural populations. Up to 15 saxitoxin analogues occurred and the quantity of each toxin depended on the growth phase and culture conditions. Previous analysis of toxin profiles of G. catenatum isolated from Mexico have been based on post-column oxidation liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD), a method prone to artefacts and non-specificity, leading to misinterpretation of toxin composition. We describe, for the first time, the complete toxin profile for several G. catenatum strains from diverse locations of the Pacific coast of Mexico. The new results confirmed previous reports on the dominance of the less potent sulfocarbamoyl toxins (C1/2); significant differences, however, in the composition (e.g., absence of saxitoxin, gonyautoxin 2/3 and neosaxitoxin) were revealed in our confirmatory analysis. The LC-MS/MS analyses also indicated at least seven putative benzoyl toxin analogues and provided support for their existence. This new toxin profile shows a high similarity (> 80%) to the profiles reported from several regions around the world, suggesting low genetic variability among global populations.
KW - Gymnodinium catenatum
KW - benzoyl analogues
KW - paralytic shellfish toxins
KW - tandem mass spectrometry
KW - toxin profile
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84927698310&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/19440049.2014.1000978
DO - 10.1080/19440049.2014.1000978
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 25565135
SN - 1944-0049
VL - 32
SP - 381
EP - 394
JO - Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment
JF - Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment
IS - 3
ER -