TY - JOUR
T1 - Paralytic shellfish toxin profile in strains of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum Graham and the scallop Argopecten ventricosus G.B. Sowerby II from Bahía Concepción, Gulf of California, Mexico
AU - Band-Schmidt, C. J.
AU - Bustillos-Guzmán, J.
AU - Gárate-Lizárraga, I.
AU - Lechuga-Devéze, C. H.
AU - Reinhardt, K.
AU - Luckas, B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the National Council of Science and Technology for financial and logistical support (CONACYT grants 144384 to CJB-S, R33598-B, 33684-V, 37560-V, and CONACYT-DAAD program). This research was also partially financed by the DLR (Germany) and by CIBNOR’s Institutional Research Projects (AYCG-8, AYCG-11, PC3.1). F. Zapata-Vázquez for his assistance during field work, E. Jaime for helping us in the PSP analysis and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to improve our MS. CIBNOR staff for English language editing.
PY - 2005/1
Y1 - 2005/1
N2 - Gymnodinium catenatum Graham is a paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) producer that was described for the first time from the Gulf of California in 1943. During the last decade, its distribution along the Mexican Pacific coastline has increased. In Bahía Concepción, a coastal lagoon on the western side of the Gulf of California, G. catenatum has been linked to significant PSP concentrations found in mollusks. In this study, we describe the saxitoxin profile of 16 strains of G. catenatum, and catarina scallops (Argopecten ventricosus) from Bahía Concepción. Toxins were analyzed by HPLC with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection. The average toxicity of the G. catenatum strains was 26.0±6.0 pg and 28.0±18.0 pg STX eq/cell after 17 and 22 days of growth, respectively. Ten toxins were recorded, but only dcSTX, dcGTX2, dcGTX3, C1, and C2 were always present in all strains at both growth stages. Since toxin profiles in scallops were similar to the cultures, biotransformations are not significant in catarina scallop. NeoSTX, GTX2, GTX3, and B2 were present in some G. catenatum strains and their presence varied with the age of the culture. In scallop samples, dcSTX, dcGTX2, and dcGTX3 were the most abundant toxins, and from the C-toxin group, only C2 was found. This unique toxin profile can be used as a biomarker for this population, when compared with strains of G. catenatum from other geographic regions.
AB - Gymnodinium catenatum Graham is a paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) producer that was described for the first time from the Gulf of California in 1943. During the last decade, its distribution along the Mexican Pacific coastline has increased. In Bahía Concepción, a coastal lagoon on the western side of the Gulf of California, G. catenatum has been linked to significant PSP concentrations found in mollusks. In this study, we describe the saxitoxin profile of 16 strains of G. catenatum, and catarina scallops (Argopecten ventricosus) from Bahía Concepción. Toxins were analyzed by HPLC with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection. The average toxicity of the G. catenatum strains was 26.0±6.0 pg and 28.0±18.0 pg STX eq/cell after 17 and 22 days of growth, respectively. Ten toxins were recorded, but only dcSTX, dcGTX2, dcGTX3, C1, and C2 were always present in all strains at both growth stages. Since toxin profiles in scallops were similar to the cultures, biotransformations are not significant in catarina scallop. NeoSTX, GTX2, GTX3, and B2 were present in some G. catenatum strains and their presence varied with the age of the culture. In scallop samples, dcSTX, dcGTX2, and dcGTX3 were the most abundant toxins, and from the C-toxin group, only C2 was found. This unique toxin profile can be used as a biomarker for this population, when compared with strains of G. catenatum from other geographic regions.
KW - Argopecten ventricosus
KW - Dinoflagellate
KW - Gulf of California
KW - Gymnodinium catenatum
KW - Paralytic shellfish poisoning
KW - Scallop
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=10044227535&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.hal.2003.10.004
DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2003.10.004
M3 - Artículo
SN - 1568-9883
VL - 4
SP - 21
EP - 31
JO - Harmful Algae
JF - Harmful Algae
IS - 1
ER -