Operator-based homogeneous coordinates: Application in camera document scanning

An operator-based approach for the study of homogeneous coordinates and projective geometry is proposed. First, some basic geometrical concepts and properties of the operators are investigated in the one- and two-dimensional cases. Then, the pinhole camera model is derived, and a simple method for homography estimation and camera calibration is explained. The usefulness of the analyzed theoretical framework is exemplified by addressing the perspective correction problem for a camera document scanning application. Several experimental results are provided for illustrative purposes. The proposed approach is expected to provide practical insights for inexperienced students on camera calibration, computer vision, and optical metrology among others.