Numerical analysis of the knee articulation leg. The angular position parameters and forces acting on the joint were obtained and applied into the corresponding, during different stages of the gait process

The knee is a diarthrodial joint or a wide mobility joint (or a wide mobility joint), which involves an extremely complex mechanical analysis. The knee possesses a great stability in complete extension to support the corporal weight, and has the necessary mobility to perform diverse daily activities (jump, gait, trot, run, among others) and efficiently orients the foot in relation to the irregularities of the ground. At present, a general understanding is possessed of the forces acting onto the bone structural components of the knee joint during daily activities. On the other hand, by applying Finite Element algorithms it is possible to numerically simulate the anatomic systems that constitute the human body. This algorithm has turned out to be an important tool to determine research behavior of the bone is not an organism, to determinate the behavior of bones from a mechanical point of view. Additionally, they are applied as a foundation for prosthesis design and numerical model generation to solve problems related to clinical conditions. For example, the degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic degenerative disease that is active in persons between the ages of 50 to 60 years old and involves severe wear of the joint. This condition can be accelerated by multiple circumstances, the main one big effect of articulated overload (obesity, knee deformation, meniscus injuries, among others). In this paper we propose that a static structural analysis of the knee joint, which involves three phases of the human gait: normal support, contact (foot-ground) and balancing of the leg. The angular position parameters and the forces acting on the joint were obtained, and applied into the corresponding numerical analyses for each gait phase. The numerical analyses are based on the kinetic and kinematic studies of the knee, to determine the orientation and range of mobility of the joint. The numerical model of the knee joint was developed from a Computed Axial Tomography scan which would assure bio-fidelity in the numerical evaluation. Obtaining as results: the von Misses equivalent stress, the maximum and minimum principal stresses and the total displacement. It was determined by this research, that the knee capacity to support the loads in each step of the gait process and it helped to establish a data base for the design and development of joint knee prosthesis.