TY - JOUR
T1 - Natural and Synthetic Naphthoquinones as Potential Anti-Infective Agents
AU - Ortiz-Pérez, Eyra
AU - Rivera, Gildardo
AU - Salas, Cristian O.
AU - Zarate-Ramos, Juan J.
AU - Trofymchuk, Oleksandra S.
AU - Hernandez-Soberanis, Lucio
AU - Perales-Flores, Juanita D.
AU - Vázquez, Karina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Background: Naphthoquinones are a class of aromatic compounds relevant for their chemical characteristics, structural properties, and biological activity. These compounds are found in nature with a wide range of effects, highlighting their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal properties. Additionally, naphthoquinones are used as a scaffold to obtain new derivatives with pharmacological potential, mainly compounds against parasitic diseases. Objective: The purpose of this work was to carry out a comprehensive review of naphthoquinones and their derivatives obtained from both natural and synthetic sources, also, to analyze their biological activity against Leishmania spp. (Leishmaniasis), Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Plasmo-dium falciparum (Malaria), Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis), and Toxocara canis (Toxocariasis). All of these agents are responsible for relevant diseases worldwide. Results: Natural naphthoquinones, such as plumbagin, diospyrin, burmanin, lapachol, lawsone and psychorubrin, show an antiprotozoal activity similar or enhanced antiprotozoal activity to reference drugs. Some naphthoquinones obtained by synthesis or semi-synthesis showed better biological activity or less toxic effects than natural compounds. Conclusion: In this review, natural and synthetic naphthoquinones showed antiparasitic activity, in most cases, with improved results than current drugs currently used in clinical trials. A modification of their structure with different functional groups can enhance their biological effects, improve solu-bility, and reduce undesirable side effects. Therefore, naphthoquinones are important molecules in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents against parasitic diseases.
AB - Background: Naphthoquinones are a class of aromatic compounds relevant for their chemical characteristics, structural properties, and biological activity. These compounds are found in nature with a wide range of effects, highlighting their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal properties. Additionally, naphthoquinones are used as a scaffold to obtain new derivatives with pharmacological potential, mainly compounds against parasitic diseases. Objective: The purpose of this work was to carry out a comprehensive review of naphthoquinones and their derivatives obtained from both natural and synthetic sources, also, to analyze their biological activity against Leishmania spp. (Leishmaniasis), Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Plasmo-dium falciparum (Malaria), Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis), and Toxocara canis (Toxocariasis). All of these agents are responsible for relevant diseases worldwide. Results: Natural naphthoquinones, such as plumbagin, diospyrin, burmanin, lapachol, lawsone and psychorubrin, show an antiprotozoal activity similar or enhanced antiprotozoal activity to reference drugs. Some naphthoquinones obtained by synthesis or semi-synthesis showed better biological activity or less toxic effects than natural compounds. Conclusion: In this review, natural and synthetic naphthoquinones showed antiparasitic activity, in most cases, with improved results than current drugs currently used in clinical trials. A modification of their structure with different functional groups can enhance their biological effects, improve solu-bility, and reduce undesirable side effects. Therefore, naphthoquinones are important molecules in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents against parasitic diseases.
KW - Leishmania spp
KW - Naphthoquinones
KW - Plasmodium falciparum
KW - Toxocara canis
KW - Toxoplasma gondii
KW - Trypanosoma cruzi
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121990741&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1568026621666210915121348
DO - 10.2174/1568026621666210915121348
M3 - Artículo de revisión
C2 - 34525920
AN - SCOPUS:85121990741
SN - 1568-0266
VL - 21
SP - 2046
EP - 2069
JO - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
IS - 22
ER -