TY - JOUR
T1 - Mucosal and systemic immune responses to Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in early vaccinated piglets
AU - Salinas-Zacarias, Ivan
AU - Guzman-Bautista, Edgar Rodrigo
AU - Ramírez-Estudillo, María Del Carmen
AU - Chacón-Salinas, Rommel
AU - Vega-López, Marco Antonio
N1 - Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Newborn humans and animals are highly susceptible to viral infections. The Aujeszky´s disease virus (ADV) is a porcine herpes virus 1 which infects the respiratory tract and is lethal during the first weeks of life. Current intramuscular vaccines, applied at weaning, induce poor mucosal immunity and frequently fail to prevent and control the disease. Additionally, early vaccination has not been studied thoroughly. Therefore, we studied a systemic/mucosal route of immunization using an inactivated ADV vaccine in two-and fourteen-day-old groups of unweaned SPF miniature Vietnamese pigs, measuring the anti ADV antibody (ELISA) and cytokine (qPCR) responses in systemic and mucosal samples. The results showed that the serum ADV-specific IgG response was higher in the 14-day groups. However, the nasal IgA responses were similar in immunized groups, although the response in saliva was higher in the 2-day old group. Moreover, in vitro ADV stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lung cells from immunized pigs showed higher IFN-γ mRNA production in the 14-day old group than in younger animals and similar levels of IL-4 and IL-10 transcripts. Our data suggest that early mucosal immunization induce humoral and cellular systemic and mucosal immune responses against ADV in young pigs and younger animals may have compensatory mechanisms to overcome early immaturity and maternal-driven immune interference. Therefore, early protection in susceptible animals could be induced using this immunization protocol, opening the possibility for its application against other viral pathogens of pigs and for traslational studies in humans.
AB - Newborn humans and animals are highly susceptible to viral infections. The Aujeszky´s disease virus (ADV) is a porcine herpes virus 1 which infects the respiratory tract and is lethal during the first weeks of life. Current intramuscular vaccines, applied at weaning, induce poor mucosal immunity and frequently fail to prevent and control the disease. Additionally, early vaccination has not been studied thoroughly. Therefore, we studied a systemic/mucosal route of immunization using an inactivated ADV vaccine in two-and fourteen-day-old groups of unweaned SPF miniature Vietnamese pigs, measuring the anti ADV antibody (ELISA) and cytokine (qPCR) responses in systemic and mucosal samples. The results showed that the serum ADV-specific IgG response was higher in the 14-day groups. However, the nasal IgA responses were similar in immunized groups, although the response in saliva was higher in the 2-day old group. Moreover, in vitro ADV stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lung cells from immunized pigs showed higher IFN-γ mRNA production in the 14-day old group than in younger animals and similar levels of IL-4 and IL-10 transcripts. Our data suggest that early mucosal immunization induce humoral and cellular systemic and mucosal immune responses against ADV in young pigs and younger animals may have compensatory mechanisms to overcome early immaturity and maternal-driven immune interference. Therefore, early protection in susceptible animals could be induced using this immunization protocol, opening the possibility for its application against other viral pathogens of pigs and for traslational studies in humans.
KW - Animals
KW - Animals, Newborn
KW - Antibodies, Viral/blood
KW - Cytokines/immunology
KW - Herpesvirus 1, Suid
KW - Immunity, Cellular
KW - Immunity, Mucosal
KW - Immunoglobulin A/immunology
KW - Immunoglobulin G/immunology
KW - Interferon-gamma/immunology
KW - Pseudorabies/immunology
KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
KW - Swine
KW - Swine Diseases/immunology
KW - Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
KW - Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
U2 - 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101400
DO - 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101400
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 31794953
SN - 0147-9571
VL - 68
SP - 101400
JO - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
ER -