TY - JOUR
T1 - Morphological and molecular identification of Phytophthora tropicalis causing black pod rot in Mexico
AU - Chávez-Ramírez, Belén
AU - Rodríguez-Velázquez, Nadia Denisse
AU - Chávez-Sánchez, Mario Eduardo
AU - Vásquez-Murrieta, María Soledad
AU - Hernández-Gallegos, Minerva Aurora
AU - Velázquez-Martínez, José Rodolfo
AU - Avendaño-Arrazate, Carlos Hugo
AU - Estrada-de los Santos, Paulina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Canadian Phytopathological Society.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Theobroma cacao L. is cultivated in Mexico, primarily in Tabasco, a southern state where the climatic conditions are suitable for producing cacao, the source of chocolate. However, these conditions are also suitable for cacao pathogens such as Phytophthora spp., the causative agents of black pod rot, a disease that is difficult to eradicate once established. In this study, we collected cacao pods exhibiting the symptoms and signs of black pod rot from different locations in Tabasco. Several recovered isolates exhibited the typical colony morphology of Phytophthora, including a white mycelium, stellate with chrysanthemum shape and appressed appearance with slightly torulose hyphae. Both sporangia and chlamydospores were absent in culture media, but were observed after induction in a sterile soil solution. Sporangia were papillated, and the sporangial shapes were globose, ellipsoid, and obturbinate, while the sporangiospores were umbrella shaped and simple sympodial. Chlamydospores were spherical, terminal, and subterminal. The concatenated analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII), the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (BT) placed strain PtCa-14 among several P. tropicalis strains, confirming the identity of this species. The pathogenicity tests on pear and peach fruit and cacao pods showed the ability of this oomycete to induce rot. Taken together, these results indicated the presence of P. tropicalis in the Mexican state of Tabasco and demonstrated its ability to cause black pod rot.
AB - Theobroma cacao L. is cultivated in Mexico, primarily in Tabasco, a southern state where the climatic conditions are suitable for producing cacao, the source of chocolate. However, these conditions are also suitable for cacao pathogens such as Phytophthora spp., the causative agents of black pod rot, a disease that is difficult to eradicate once established. In this study, we collected cacao pods exhibiting the symptoms and signs of black pod rot from different locations in Tabasco. Several recovered isolates exhibited the typical colony morphology of Phytophthora, including a white mycelium, stellate with chrysanthemum shape and appressed appearance with slightly torulose hyphae. Both sporangia and chlamydospores were absent in culture media, but were observed after induction in a sterile soil solution. Sporangia were papillated, and the sporangial shapes were globose, ellipsoid, and obturbinate, while the sporangiospores were umbrella shaped and simple sympodial. Chlamydospores were spherical, terminal, and subterminal. The concatenated analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII), the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (BT) placed strain PtCa-14 among several P. tropicalis strains, confirming the identity of this species. The pathogenicity tests on pear and peach fruit and cacao pods showed the ability of this oomycete to induce rot. Taken together, these results indicated the presence of P. tropicalis in the Mexican state of Tabasco and demonstrated its ability to cause black pod rot.
KW - Mexico
KW - Phytophthora tropicalis
KW - Theobroma cacao
KW - black pod rot
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101202611&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/07060661.2020.1870003
DO - 10.1080/07060661.2020.1870003
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85101202611
SN - 0706-0661
VL - 43
SP - 670
EP - 679
JO - Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology
JF - Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology
IS - 5
ER -