TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Baja California, Mexico
T2 - A result of human migration?
AU - Flores-López, Carlos A.
AU - Zenteno-Cuevas, Roberto
AU - Laniado-Laborín, Rafael
AU - Reynaud, Yann
AU - García-Ortiz, Rosa Alejandra
AU - González-Y-Merchand, Jorge A.
AU - Rivera, Sandra
AU - Vázquez-Chacón, Carlos A.
AU - Vaughan, Gilberto
AU - Martínez-Guarneros, José Armando
AU - Victoria-Cota, Nelva Lorena
AU - Cruz-Rivera, Mayra
AU - Rastogi, Nalin
AU - Muñiz-Salazar, Raquel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/11
Y1 - 2017/11
N2 - The State of Baja California (BC) exhibits the highest incidence and prevalence rates of tuberculosis (TB), and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in Mexico. However information about the circulation of M. tuberculosis lineages in BC and Mexico as a whole is limited. Here, we describe the genetic relationship and genetic diversity among M. tuberculosis clinical isolates (n = 140) collected in BC between October 2009 and April 2011 with other regions of Mexico, the United States, and Latin America. All specimens were genotyped based on 24 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU)-variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) loci. Population structure and minimum spanning tree (MST) analyses were used to assess the genetic diversity and distribution of BC isolates in comparison to USA and South America strains. Among the nine lineages observed, LAM, Haarlem and S were the most frequent identified in BC. Population structure analysis clustered most BC isolates (41%) into three distinctive groups that included strains from San Diego and South America, whereas other BC strains (22%) clustered with other Mexican strains. A subset of isolates (12%) seemed to be autochthonous of BC, while 25% were cosmopolitan and grouped into multiple clusters. It is highly likely that the TB genetic structure observed in BC is due to human migration. Additional studies are required to determine the mechanism involved in the phylogeographic distribution of M. tuberculosis in Mexico. Implementation of domestic molecular TB surveillance programs is required to better understand the molecular epidemiology of TB not only in the region but at the national level.
AB - The State of Baja California (BC) exhibits the highest incidence and prevalence rates of tuberculosis (TB), and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in Mexico. However information about the circulation of M. tuberculosis lineages in BC and Mexico as a whole is limited. Here, we describe the genetic relationship and genetic diversity among M. tuberculosis clinical isolates (n = 140) collected in BC between October 2009 and April 2011 with other regions of Mexico, the United States, and Latin America. All specimens were genotyped based on 24 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU)-variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) loci. Population structure and minimum spanning tree (MST) analyses were used to assess the genetic diversity and distribution of BC isolates in comparison to USA and South America strains. Among the nine lineages observed, LAM, Haarlem and S were the most frequent identified in BC. Population structure analysis clustered most BC isolates (41%) into three distinctive groups that included strains from San Diego and South America, whereas other BC strains (22%) clustered with other Mexican strains. A subset of isolates (12%) seemed to be autochthonous of BC, while 25% were cosmopolitan and grouped into multiple clusters. It is highly likely that the TB genetic structure observed in BC is due to human migration. Additional studies are required to determine the mechanism involved in the phylogeographic distribution of M. tuberculosis in Mexico. Implementation of domestic molecular TB surveillance programs is required to better understand the molecular epidemiology of TB not only in the region but at the national level.
KW - Baja California
KW - Genetic diversity
KW - Mexico
KW - Migration
KW - TB-MDR
KW - Tuberculosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84979266645&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.001
DO - 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.001
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 27418234
SN - 1567-1348
VL - 55
SP - 378
EP - 383
JO - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
JF - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
ER -