TY - JOUR
T1 - Microalgae, a current option for the bioremediation of pharmaceuticals
T2 - a review
AU - Gayosso-Morales, Manuel Aaaron
AU - Rivas-Castillo, Andrea M.
AU - Lucas-Gómez, Isaac
AU - López-Fernández, Abelardo
AU - Calderón, Alejandro Valdez
AU - Fernández-Martínez, Eduardo
AU - Bernal, Jaime Ortega
AU - González-Pérez, Brenda Karen
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - In this review, research on the use of microalgae as an option for bioremediation purposes of pharmaceutical compounds is reported and discussed thoroughly. Pharmaceuticals have been detected in water bodies around the world, attracting attention towards the increasing potential risks to humans and aquatic biota. Unfortunately, pharmaceuticals have no regulatory standards for safe disposal in many countries. Despite the advances in new analytical techniques, the current wastewater treatment facilities in many countries are ineffective to remove the whole presence of pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites. Though new methods are substantially effective, removal rates of drugs from wastewater make the cost-effectiveness ratio a not viable option. Therefore, the necessity for investigating and developing more adequate removal treatments with a higher efficiency rate and at a lower cost is mandatory. The present review highlights the algae-based removal strategies for bioremediation purposes, considering their pathway as well as the removal rate and efficiency of the microalgae species used in assays. We have critically reviewed both application of living and non-living microalgae biomass for bioremediation purposes considering the most commonly used microalgae species. In addition, the use of modified and immobilized microalgae biomass for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from water was discussed. Furthermore, research considering various microalgal species and their potential use to detoxify organic and inorganic toxic compounds were well evaluated in the review. Further research is required to exploit the potential use of microalgae species as an option for the bioremediation of pharmaceuticals in water.
AB - In this review, research on the use of microalgae as an option for bioremediation purposes of pharmaceutical compounds is reported and discussed thoroughly. Pharmaceuticals have been detected in water bodies around the world, attracting attention towards the increasing potential risks to humans and aquatic biota. Unfortunately, pharmaceuticals have no regulatory standards for safe disposal in many countries. Despite the advances in new analytical techniques, the current wastewater treatment facilities in many countries are ineffective to remove the whole presence of pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites. Though new methods are substantially effective, removal rates of drugs from wastewater make the cost-effectiveness ratio a not viable option. Therefore, the necessity for investigating and developing more adequate removal treatments with a higher efficiency rate and at a lower cost is mandatory. The present review highlights the algae-based removal strategies for bioremediation purposes, considering their pathway as well as the removal rate and efficiency of the microalgae species used in assays. We have critically reviewed both application of living and non-living microalgae biomass for bioremediation purposes considering the most commonly used microalgae species. In addition, the use of modified and immobilized microalgae biomass for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from water was discussed. Furthermore, research considering various microalgal species and their potential use to detoxify organic and inorganic toxic compounds were well evaluated in the review. Further research is required to exploit the potential use of microalgae species as an option for the bioremediation of pharmaceuticals in water.
KW - Bioaccumulation
KW - Bioremediation
KW - Biosorption
KW - Biotransformation
KW - Drugs
KW - Microalgae
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141768007&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12223-022-01013-z
DO - 10.1007/s12223-022-01013-z
M3 - Artículo de revisión
C2 - 36367638
AN - SCOPUS:85141768007
SN - 0015-5632
VL - 68
SP - 167
EP - 179
JO - Folia Microbiologica
JF - Folia Microbiologica
IS - 2
ER -