Hallazgos anatomopatológicos durante el desarrollo de la miocardiopatía diabética en la rata

Background: The diabetic cardiomyopathy occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia and associated metabolic changes participate in the pathogenesis of this disease. Objective: To characterizes various pathological changes occurring during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were used for streptozotocin administration. At 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after toxic administration, the heart was obtained and placed in a Hartman solution and 4% p-formaldehyde. Five-μm-thick sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome and immunocytochemistry using anti-β-tubulin antibody. Results: At 14 days after application of streptozotocin, dilated sinusoids with endothelial lining in the myocardium and collagen deposits in the cardiac interstitium and between the Purkinje fibers were observed. At 21 days there was a slight decrease of the arteriolar lumen due to hyperplasia of the medial layer. It is important to note that cardiac sinusoids as well as collagen deposits became more evident at 30 day of the study, as well as a major derangement of the microtubular system of the cardiomyocytes. Conclusions: Cardiac sinusoids representing fetal vascular pattern and interstitial fibrosis in the myocardium and the microtubular derangement of cardiomyocytes support the fact that the pathophysiological mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy begins in the coronary microcirculation due to changes in cardiac metabolism, contributing to the development of myocardial dysfunction in diabetes.