TY - JOUR
T1 - Fructose and the liver
AU - Muriel, Pablo
AU - López‐sánchez, Pedro
AU - Ramos‐tovar, Erika
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/7/1
Y1 - 2021/7/1
N2 - Chronic diseases represent a major challenge in world health. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of disturbances affecting several organs, and it has been proposed to be a liver‐cen-tered condition. Fructose overconsumption may result in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflam-mation, elevated uric acid levels, increased blood pressure, and increased triglyceride concentrations in both the blood and liver. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a term widely used to describe excessive fatty infiltration in the liver in the absence of alcohol, autoimmune disorders, or viral hepatitis; it is attributed to obesity, high sugar and fat consumption, and sedentarism. If untreated, NAFLD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and mild fibrosis in addition to fat infiltration and, eventually, advanced scar tissue deposi-tion, cirrhosis, and finally liver cancer, which constitutes the culmination of the disease. Notably, fructose is recognized as a major mediator of NAFLD, as a significant correlation between fructose intake and the degree of inflammation and fibrosis has been found in preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, fructose is a risk factor for liver cancer development. Interestingly, fructose induces a number of proinflammatory, fibrogenic, and oncogenic signaling pathways that explain its delete-rious effects in the body, especially in the liver.
AB - Chronic diseases represent a major challenge in world health. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of disturbances affecting several organs, and it has been proposed to be a liver‐cen-tered condition. Fructose overconsumption may result in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflam-mation, elevated uric acid levels, increased blood pressure, and increased triglyceride concentrations in both the blood and liver. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a term widely used to describe excessive fatty infiltration in the liver in the absence of alcohol, autoimmune disorders, or viral hepatitis; it is attributed to obesity, high sugar and fat consumption, and sedentarism. If untreated, NAFLD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and mild fibrosis in addition to fat infiltration and, eventually, advanced scar tissue deposi-tion, cirrhosis, and finally liver cancer, which constitutes the culmination of the disease. Notably, fructose is recognized as a major mediator of NAFLD, as a significant correlation between fructose intake and the degree of inflammation and fibrosis has been found in preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, fructose is a risk factor for liver cancer development. Interestingly, fructose induces a number of proinflammatory, fibrogenic, and oncogenic signaling pathways that explain its delete-rious effects in the body, especially in the liver.
KW - Fructose
KW - Inflammation
KW - Liver
KW - NLRP3
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Uric acid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108700171&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijms22136969
DO - 10.3390/ijms22136969
M3 - Artículo de revisión
C2 - 34203484
AN - SCOPUS:85108700171
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 22
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 13
M1 - 6969
ER -