TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of kidney injury biomarkers in an adult Mexican population environmentally exposed to fluoride and low arsenic levels
AU - Jiménez-Córdova, Monica I.
AU - Cárdenas-González, Mariana
AU - Aguilar-Madrid, Guadalupe
AU - Sanchez-Peña, Luz C.
AU - Barrera-Hernández, Ángel
AU - Domínguez-Guerrero, Iván A.
AU - González-Horta, Carmen
AU - Barbier, Olivier C.
AU - Del Razo, Luz M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2018/8/1
Y1 - 2018/8/1
N2 - Fluoride (F) is a toxicant widely distributed in the environment. Experimental studies have shown kidney toxicity from F exposure. However, co-exposure to arsenic (As) has not been considered, and epidemiological information remains limited. We evaluated the association between F exposure and urinary kidney injury biomarkers and assessed As co-exposure interactions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 239 adults (18–77 years old) from three communities in Chihuahua, Mexico. Exposure to F was assessed in urine and drinking water, and As in urine samples. We evaluated the urinary concentrations of albumin (ALB), cystatin-C (Cys-C), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), clusterin (CLU), osteopontin (OPN), and trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using serum creatinine (Creat) levels. We observed a positive correlation between water and urine F concentrations (ρ = 0.7419, p < 0.0001), with median values of 1.5 mg/L and 2 μg/mL, respectively, suggesting that drinking water was the main source of F exposure. The geometric mean of urinary As was 18.55 ng/mL, approximately 39% of the urine samples had As concentrations above the human biomonitoring value (15 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression models demonstrated a positive association between urinary F and ALB (β = 0.56, p < 0.001), Cys-C (β = 0.022, p = 0.001), KIM-1 (β = 0.048, p = 0.008), OPN (β = 0.38, p = 0.041), and eGFR (β = 0.49, p = 0.03); however, CLU (β = 0.07, p = 0.100) and TFF-3 (β = 1.14, p = 0.115) did not show significant associations. No interaction with As exposure was observed. In conclusion, F exposure was related to the urinary excretion of early kidney injury biomarkers, supporting the hypothesis of the nephrotoxic role of F exposure.
AB - Fluoride (F) is a toxicant widely distributed in the environment. Experimental studies have shown kidney toxicity from F exposure. However, co-exposure to arsenic (As) has not been considered, and epidemiological information remains limited. We evaluated the association between F exposure and urinary kidney injury biomarkers and assessed As co-exposure interactions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 239 adults (18–77 years old) from three communities in Chihuahua, Mexico. Exposure to F was assessed in urine and drinking water, and As in urine samples. We evaluated the urinary concentrations of albumin (ALB), cystatin-C (Cys-C), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), clusterin (CLU), osteopontin (OPN), and trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using serum creatinine (Creat) levels. We observed a positive correlation between water and urine F concentrations (ρ = 0.7419, p < 0.0001), with median values of 1.5 mg/L and 2 μg/mL, respectively, suggesting that drinking water was the main source of F exposure. The geometric mean of urinary As was 18.55 ng/mL, approximately 39% of the urine samples had As concentrations above the human biomonitoring value (15 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression models demonstrated a positive association between urinary F and ALB (β = 0.56, p < 0.001), Cys-C (β = 0.022, p = 0.001), KIM-1 (β = 0.048, p = 0.008), OPN (β = 0.38, p = 0.041), and eGFR (β = 0.49, p = 0.03); however, CLU (β = 0.07, p = 0.100) and TFF-3 (β = 1.14, p = 0.115) did not show significant associations. No interaction with As exposure was observed. In conclusion, F exposure was related to the urinary excretion of early kidney injury biomarkers, supporting the hypothesis of the nephrotoxic role of F exposure.
KW - Arsenic
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Fluoride
KW - Human Biomonitoring
KW - Kidney Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047560969&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.027
DO - 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.027
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 29800643
AN - SCOPUS:85047560969
SN - 0041-008X
VL - 352
SP - 97
EP - 106
JO - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
ER -