Effects of Heliopsis longipes ethanolic extract on mouse spermatozoa in vitro

Context: Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) Blake (Asteraceae), a plant native to Mexico, is used in traditional medicine as analgesic and microbicide. The main component in the H. longipes ethanolic extract (HLEE) is affinin, as determined by HPLC/UV-visible and NMR measurement. To date, there is no documented evidence on the spermicidal activity of this extract.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the effectiveness of HLEE as spermicide.Materials and methods: The spermicidal activity of HLEE was evaluated by the Sander-Cramer assay. Spermatozoa were incubated for 20 s with HLEE in concentrations ranging from 75 to 2000 μg/mL to determine the minimum effective concentration (MEC) value. The 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) of HLEE was estimated by assaying serial dilutions from the MEC. Additionally, sperms were incubated with 125, 250, or 500 μg/mL of HLEE to evaluate the viability and the integrity of sperm membrane. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay.Results: HLEE caused an inhibition of 100% in spermatozoa motility at a MEC value of 2000 μg/mL; the EC₅₀ value was 125 μg/mL. Additionally, exposure to HLEE at 125, 250, or 500 μg/mL for 30 min decreased sperm viability to 27%, 8%, and 2% of the control value, respectively, and significantly increased the percentage of sperms with structurally disorganized membrane. HLEE also increased significantly the level of lipid peroxidation in sperms with respect to controls.Discussion and conclusion: The results demonstrate the spermicidal activity of HLEE in vitro and suggest that this action is caused by oxidative damage and alterations in the spermatozoal membrane.