TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of amoxicillin exposure on brain, gill, liver, and kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
T2 - The role of amoxicilloic acid
AU - Elizalde-Velázquez, Armando
AU - Martínez-Rodríguez, Héctor
AU - Galar-Martínez, Marcela
AU - Dublán-García, Octavio
AU - Islas-Flores, Hariz
AU - Rodríguez-Flores, Juana
AU - Castañeda-Peñalvo, Gregorio
AU - Lizcano-Sanz, Isabel
AU - Gómez-Oliván, Leobardo Manuel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Amoxicillin (AMX) is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics around the world due to its broad-spectrum activity against different bacterial strains as well as its use as a growth promoter in animal husbandry. Although residues of this antibacterial agent have been found in water bodies in diverse countries, there is not enough information on its potential toxicity to aquatic organisms such as the common carp Cyprinus carpio. This study aimed to evaluate AMX-induced oxidative stress in brain, gill, liver and kidney of C. carpio. Carp were exposed to three different concentrations of AMX (10 ng/L, 10 μg/L, 10 mg/L) for 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and the following biomarkers were evaluated: lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxide content (HPC), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Amoxicillin and its main degradation product amoxicilloic acid (AMA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection and UV detection (HPLC-EC-UV). Significant increases in LPX, HPC, and PCC (P < 0.05) were found in all study organs, particularly kidney, as well as significant changes in antioxidant enzymes activity. Amoxicilloic acid in water is concluded to induce oxidative stress in C. carpio, this damage being highest in kidney. The biomarkers used are effective for the assessment of the environmental impact of this agent on aquatic species.
AB - Amoxicillin (AMX) is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics around the world due to its broad-spectrum activity against different bacterial strains as well as its use as a growth promoter in animal husbandry. Although residues of this antibacterial agent have been found in water bodies in diverse countries, there is not enough information on its potential toxicity to aquatic organisms such as the common carp Cyprinus carpio. This study aimed to evaluate AMX-induced oxidative stress in brain, gill, liver and kidney of C. carpio. Carp were exposed to three different concentrations of AMX (10 ng/L, 10 μg/L, 10 mg/L) for 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and the following biomarkers were evaluated: lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxide content (HPC), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Amoxicillin and its main degradation product amoxicilloic acid (AMA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection and UV detection (HPLC-EC-UV). Significant increases in LPX, HPC, and PCC (P < 0.05) were found in all study organs, particularly kidney, as well as significant changes in antioxidant enzymes activity. Amoxicilloic acid in water is concluded to induce oxidative stress in C. carpio, this damage being highest in kidney. The biomarkers used are effective for the assessment of the environmental impact of this agent on aquatic species.
KW - HPLC-EC-UV
KW - amoxicillin
KW - amoxicilloic acid
KW - cyprinus carpio
KW - oxidative stress
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85014907698&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/tox.22307
DO - 10.1002/tox.22307
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 27403921
SN - 1520-4081
VL - 32
SP - 1102
EP - 1120
JO - Environmental Toxicology
JF - Environmental Toxicology
IS - 4
ER -