Molecular diversity and genetic relationships of mango germplasm from chiapas, México

Most of mango (Mangifera indica L.) production in Chiapas, México is located at Soconusco region where a large morphological and genetic diversity have been detected due the free-pollination among plants. The characterization and identification of outstanding plants can be useful for mango diversity conservation as well as the use for mango breeding. Forty-one local mango accessions collected in five locations (Huehuetán, Pijijiapan, Tuxtla Chico, Tapachula, Escuintla) in the state of Chiapas, México, were subjected to AFLP analysis and then compared with 19 mango cultivars. AFLP analysis indicated high levels of polymorphisms among accessions (> 84 %). AMOVA analysis indicated significant genetic differentiation (F_ST = 0.23743) among and within mango accessions. Cluster analysis showed two groups: accessions from Chiapas and Ataulfo mangos closely related to Manila, Carabao, Amini and Cambodiana cultivars native from Asia; and Mexican and non-Mexican bred mangos from Germplasm Bank. Mangifera odorata was different than all other M. indica accessions. The highest heterozygosity were found in mangos from Tuxtla Chico (0.260) and Escuintla (0.254). Genetic differences among accessions and cultivars were associated with their geographical origin and indicated new genetic diversity of mangos from Chiapas due to free-pollination and the use of recombinant plants.