TY - JOUR
T1 - Differential sensitivity of male germ cells to mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke in the mouse
AU - Polyzos, Aris
AU - Ernst Schmid, Thomas
AU - Piña-Guzmán, Belem
AU - Quintanilla-Vega, Betzabet
AU - Marchetti, Francesco
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr Andrew J Wyrobek for critical reading of the manuscript, Dr. Lara Gundel for help with the total suspended particulate measurements, and MJ Solís-Heredia for technical assistance. Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH1123 with funding support from the California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program grant 13RT-0140A to FM.
PY - 2009/6/15
Y1 - 2009/6/15
N2 - Cigarette smoking in men has been associated with increased chromosomal abnormalities in sperm and with increased risks for spontaneous abortions, birth defects and neonatal death. Little is known, however, about the reproductive consequences of paternal exposure to second-hand smoke. We used a mouse model to investigate the effects of paternal exposure to sidestream (SS) smoke, the main constituent of second-hand smoke, on the genetic integrity and function of sperm, and to determine whether male germ cells were equally sensitive to mainstream (MS) and SS smoke. A series of sperm DNA quality and reproductive endpoints were investigated after exposing male mice for two weeks to MS or SS smoke. Our results indicated that: (i) only SS smoke significantly affected sperm motility; (ii) only MS smoke induced DNA strand breaks in sperm; (iii) both MS and SS smoke increased sperm chromatin structure abnormalities; and (iv) MS smoke affected both fertilization and the rate of early embryonic development, while SS smoke affected fertilization only. These results show that MS and SS smoke have differential effects on the genetic integrity and function of sperm and provide further evidence that male exposure to second-hand smoke, as well as direct cigarette smoke, may diminish a couple's chance for a successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby.
AB - Cigarette smoking in men has been associated with increased chromosomal abnormalities in sperm and with increased risks for spontaneous abortions, birth defects and neonatal death. Little is known, however, about the reproductive consequences of paternal exposure to second-hand smoke. We used a mouse model to investigate the effects of paternal exposure to sidestream (SS) smoke, the main constituent of second-hand smoke, on the genetic integrity and function of sperm, and to determine whether male germ cells were equally sensitive to mainstream (MS) and SS smoke. A series of sperm DNA quality and reproductive endpoints were investigated after exposing male mice for two weeks to MS or SS smoke. Our results indicated that: (i) only SS smoke significantly affected sperm motility; (ii) only MS smoke induced DNA strand breaks in sperm; (iii) both MS and SS smoke increased sperm chromatin structure abnormalities; and (iv) MS smoke affected both fertilization and the rate of early embryonic development, while SS smoke affected fertilization only. These results show that MS and SS smoke have differential effects on the genetic integrity and function of sperm and provide further evidence that male exposure to second-hand smoke, as well as direct cigarette smoke, may diminish a couple's chance for a successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby.
KW - 4-cell embryo
KW - CASA
KW - Comet
KW - Fertilization
KW - SCSA
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67349090335&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.taap.2009.03.019
DO - 10.1016/j.taap.2009.03.019
M3 - Artículo
SN - 0041-008X
VL - 237
SP - 298
EP - 305
JO - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
IS - 3
ER -