Development of an integrated aquafarming system

The integration of aquaculture into agricultural production systems to intensify profitable food production without the usual environmental degradation appears to be a promising option for a large number of small farmers in many developing countries. However, for the adoption of novel production systems, economic considerations are the main driving force. The farmer has to be convinced of the long- and short-term benefits and profits of different farming systems options. The potential farmer-aquaculturist needs site-specific holistic information packages of different production options, as contrasted with packages of technology only, in order to combine traditional knowledge with modern scientific results. These all-embracing data packages for different production systems must take into account the environmental conditions, the availability and price of the stocking material for aquaculture, of farm animals and seeds, seasonal farm and off-farm labour demands, and the socio-economic situation of the farmer and the neighbourhood. The possible production intensities, profits and risks have to be quantified, and the impacts on the environment, the family and society have to be determined. Such information would serve as a guideline for the selection of management options best suited to his/her farming system and would allow a choice of alternatives in case of unforeseen events. The multifaceted obstacles to developing a sustainable integrated aquafarming system are presented for a case in the Philippines.