Detección atípica de Chlamydia pneumoniae no humana en una muestra endocervical. Reporte de caso

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the leading sexually transmitted microorganisms that is significantly associated with the development of female infertility. The detection of genotypes and new variants of Chlamydia trachomatis allows us to know their prevalence and geographic distribution, identify the appearance of antimicrobial resistance, clinical associations, or sexual behaviors, and develop vaccines. This clinical case reports for the first time endocervical infection by a strain other than C. trachomatis. CLINICAL CASE: A 25-year-old woman with primary infertility of 2 years of evolution due to endocrine-ovarian factor (overweight and subclinical hypothyroidism) and male factor characterized by hypospermia and teratozoospermia. Endocervical microbiological culture detected infection by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia spp. Identification of the Chlamydia strain by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene reported that it was Chlamydia pneumoniae. The presence of plasmid in this strain of C. pneumoniae confirmed that the endocervical infection was by a non-human Chlamydia pneumoniae strain. CONCLUSION: This clinical case suggests that a non-human strain of C. pneumoniae can be sexually transmitted to humans, circulating in the Mexican population, and causing infertility, although the origin and direction of transmission are still unknown.