D S V: Disasters, a Systemic Vision

Disasters are occurring with continually increasing frequency and magnitude. The Tsunami of December 2004 in Indonesia caused more than 280,000 deaths and material losses surpassing 5 billion dollars. Nevertheless, disasters could be prevented and mitigated through a systemic, holistic, and integrated approach such as that presented in this article. This approach consists in analyzing the inputs, outputs and feedback of the process which occurs when a set of extraordinary natural or man-made phenomena occurs, in response to which people are generally not prepared to react quickly and efficiently enough. This paper analyzes some of the most important factors that propitiate disasters and recommends preventative and mitigating measures. Elements analyzed include: civil protection plans, programs and committees; scientific research and technological development; education, training and awareness; early warning systems; evacuation drills; urban development plans; resistant buildings and infrastructure; medical emergency services; and others..