TY - JOUR
T1 - Combined Toxicity of Glyphosate (Faena®) and Copper to the American Cladoceran Daphnia exilis—A Two-Generation Analysis
AU - Hernández-Zamora, Miriam
AU - Rodríguez-Miguel, Alma
AU - Martínez-Jerónimo, Laura
AU - Martínez-Jerónimo, Fernando
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Glyphosate and copper are common pollutants in water and soil. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide; despite being claimed to be a low-toxicity pesticide and easily degraded, several studies have demonstrated glyphosate’s occurrence and toxicity in freshwater ecosystems. Copper is an essential micronutrient; however, at high concentrations, it becomes toxic, and it is a persistent contaminant discharged from agricultural and industrial activities. Both glyphosate and Cu are agrochemicals that can occur in aquatic environments and produce stress in aquatic biota. Cladocerans are important zooplankters, and their sensitivity to chemical stressors has been widely documented. In this study, the North American cladoceran Daphnia exilis was exposed to glyphosate (Faena®) and Cu mixtures. The effects were assessed in two generations to determine toxicity impairment in the parental (P1) and filial (F1) generations. The 48 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of both chemicals was determined. After this, the generations P1 and F1 were exposed for 21 days to three concentrations of glyphosate and Cu mixtures (1.04 mg L−1 + 2.45 μg L−1, 1.24 mg L−1 + 3.09 μg L−1, and 1.57 mg L−1 + 4.31 μg L−1), starting from neonates. Survival and reproduction were recorded, and macromolecule content and the size of neonates were measured in the progeny. The LC50 was 4.22 mg L−1 for Faena® and 13.45 μg L−1 for copper. Exposure to glyphosate and copper reduced fecundity and the number of clutches per female, delayed age at first reproduction, and increased the number of aborted eggs; these effects were more evident in the F1 than in the P1. In both generations, the concentration of carbohydrates and lipids was significantly reduced. The treatment and the brood number influenced the total length of neonates, but the total length did not differ significantly, whereas body length and body width decreased in F1. Glyphosate and copper mixtures significantly increased toxicity in D. exilis in the F1 generation, probably because the parents produced impaired progenies. Results warn about transgenerational effects in planktonic species chronically exposed to pollutants.
AB - Glyphosate and copper are common pollutants in water and soil. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide; despite being claimed to be a low-toxicity pesticide and easily degraded, several studies have demonstrated glyphosate’s occurrence and toxicity in freshwater ecosystems. Copper is an essential micronutrient; however, at high concentrations, it becomes toxic, and it is a persistent contaminant discharged from agricultural and industrial activities. Both glyphosate and Cu are agrochemicals that can occur in aquatic environments and produce stress in aquatic biota. Cladocerans are important zooplankters, and their sensitivity to chemical stressors has been widely documented. In this study, the North American cladoceran Daphnia exilis was exposed to glyphosate (Faena®) and Cu mixtures. The effects were assessed in two generations to determine toxicity impairment in the parental (P1) and filial (F1) generations. The 48 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of both chemicals was determined. After this, the generations P1 and F1 were exposed for 21 days to three concentrations of glyphosate and Cu mixtures (1.04 mg L−1 + 2.45 μg L−1, 1.24 mg L−1 + 3.09 μg L−1, and 1.57 mg L−1 + 4.31 μg L−1), starting from neonates. Survival and reproduction were recorded, and macromolecule content and the size of neonates were measured in the progeny. The LC50 was 4.22 mg L−1 for Faena® and 13.45 μg L−1 for copper. Exposure to glyphosate and copper reduced fecundity and the number of clutches per female, delayed age at first reproduction, and increased the number of aborted eggs; these effects were more evident in the F1 than in the P1. In both generations, the concentration of carbohydrates and lipids was significantly reduced. The treatment and the brood number influenced the total length of neonates, but the total length did not differ significantly, whereas body length and body width decreased in F1. Glyphosate and copper mixtures significantly increased toxicity in D. exilis in the F1 generation, probably because the parents produced impaired progenies. Results warn about transgenerational effects in planktonic species chronically exposed to pollutants.
KW - ecotoxicology
KW - herbicides
KW - toxic metals
KW - transgenerational effects
KW - water pollution
KW - zooplankton
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161460221&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/w15112018
DO - 10.3390/w15112018
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85161460221
SN - 2073-4441
VL - 15
JO - Water (Switzerland)
JF - Water (Switzerland)
IS - 11
M1 - 2018
ER -