Assessment of wildlife crime in a high-biodiversity region of Mexico

Wildlife crime, including illegal harvesting, poaching, use, and trade, is a global issue. While studies on wildlife crimes have been performed on a global scale, it is also essential to assess their impact on native species at national scales. Investigating illegal activities involves analyzing law enforcement and seizure data, especially in areas with high biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed the effects of wildlife crime on native wild vertebrates of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, from 2004 to 2018. We used data from law enforcement by Mexican authorities on activities that affect vertebrates: trafficking, illegal possession, exploitation, breaking of hunting laws, permit breaches, and illegal scientific collecting. Oaxaca has a high incidence of wildlife crime, and illegal trading accounts for 38 % of wildlife law violations (62 % are other illegal activities). In addition, 8047 specimens of 226 species were seized during the study period, of which 54 % are considered endangered in Mexico or worldwide. Reptiles accounted for the highest number of individual specimens, while birds recorded the greatest range of species. The main species seized were green iguana (Iguana iguana), black iguana (Ctenosaura pectinata), Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), orange-fronted parakeet (Aratinga canicularis), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Many of these seizures were made close to roads. Our results support the understanding that illegal trade reports are underestimates. This study allows us to have a greater understanding of the real magnitude of the problem. We hope this research will inform policies and strategies to combat the illegal activities that affect wildlife in regions with high biodiversity.