TY - JOUR
T1 - A Study of the Interactions of Heavy Metals in Dairy Matrices Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Chemometric, and In Silico Analysis
AU - Benítez-Rojas, Alfredo C.
AU - Jaramillo-Flores, María E.
AU - Zaca-Moran, Orlando
AU - Quiroga-Montes, Israel
AU - Delgado-Macuil, Raúl J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - Heavy metals are among the toxic substances longest recognized by man. Today, due to the myriad sources of exposure, such as contaminated water, food, or air, they have become a major public health problem. This work presents the effects manifested in the infrared spectrum behavior caused by the presence of Cd2+, Cr6+, and Pb2+ at different concentrations in three different matrices: water, casein, and milk; observing that the spectral modifications in the regions of different vibrational modes of nucleophilic groups such as -OH, COO- and NH2 depending on the nature of the metal and its concentration. These findings were correlated in-silico using optimized models in Gabedit software and structural optimization was performed with MOPAC 2016 showing stable structures between the metals and Gln, Hys, Glu, and Phe of casein. By applying chemometrics (Principal Component Analysis), it was possible to observe a good correlation between the experimental data and to discriminate between the type of metal, the matrix that contains it, and the concentration could be represented through linear models that showed adjustments with a value of r2 ≥ 0.95.
AB - Heavy metals are among the toxic substances longest recognized by man. Today, due to the myriad sources of exposure, such as contaminated water, food, or air, they have become a major public health problem. This work presents the effects manifested in the infrared spectrum behavior caused by the presence of Cd2+, Cr6+, and Pb2+ at different concentrations in three different matrices: water, casein, and milk; observing that the spectral modifications in the regions of different vibrational modes of nucleophilic groups such as -OH, COO- and NH2 depending on the nature of the metal and its concentration. These findings were correlated in-silico using optimized models in Gabedit software and structural optimization was performed with MOPAC 2016 showing stable structures between the metals and Gln, Hys, Glu, and Phe of casein. By applying chemometrics (Principal Component Analysis), it was possible to observe a good correlation between the experimental data and to discriminate between the type of metal, the matrix that contains it, and the concentration could be represented through linear models that showed adjustments with a value of r2 ≥ 0.95.
KW - FTIR
KW - casein
KW - dairy products
KW - heavy metal
KW - milk
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85159161273&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/foods12091919
DO - 10.3390/foods12091919
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 37174456
AN - SCOPUS:85159161273
SN - 2304-8158
VL - 12
JO - Foods
JF - Foods
IS - 9
M1 - 1919
ER -