Understanding the heterogeneous catalytic mechanisms of glycerol carbonate synthesis on oil palm ash surface: A density functional theory approach

Engineering & Materials Science

• Density functional theory 100%
• Glycerol 82%
• Palm oil 81%
• Carbonates 75%
• Ashes 69%
• Cyclization 19%
• Gibbs free energy 15%
• Transesterification 14%
• Activation energy 11%
• Energy barriers 8%
• Triglycerides 8%
• Exothermic reactions 7%
• Negative ions 7%
• Catalysis 7%
• Biodiesel 5%
• Byproducts 5%
• Catalysts 4%
• Geometry 3%

Chemistry

• Palm Oil 81%
• Glycerol 57%
• Carbonate 52%
• Surface 21%
• Dimethyl Carbonate 13%
• Transesterification 10%
• Gibbs Free Energy 8%
• Cyclization Reaction 8%
• Reaction Activation Energy 7%
• Exothermic Reaction 6%
• Heterogeneous Catalysis 6%
• Triglyceride 5%
• Biodiesel 5%
• Energy Barrier 5%
• Fuel 4%
• Dimension 4%
• Density Functional Theory 3%
• Length 3%
• Anion 3%
• Volume 3%
• Catalyst 2%
• Application 1%