Tyrosine kinases and osmolyte fluxes during hyposmotic swelling

Recent evidence documents the involvement of protein tyrosine kinases (TK) in the signalling network activated by hyposmotic swelling and regulatory volume decrease. Both receptor type and cytosolic TK participate as signalling elements in the variety of cell adaptive responses to volume changes, which include adhesion reactions, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, temporal deformation/remodelling of the membrane and stress-detecting mechanisms. The present review refers to the influence of TK on the activation/operation of the osmolyte efflux pathways, ultimately leading to cell volume recovery, i.e. the osmosensitive Cl^- channel (Cl_swell^-), the K⁺ channels activated by swelling in the different cell types and the taurine efflux pathway as representative of the organic osmolyte pathway.