The role of Nd as a dopant in Mn₃O₄NPs on the heat induction of artificial breast tissue due to the irradiation of microwaves

Manganomanganic oxide nanoparticles (Mn₃O₄NPs) were synthesized by one-step spray pyrolysis. Nd contents were explored in 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% of the total mass of Mn₃O₄NPs. The nanoparticles were obtained with an average size of 45.35 nm ± 08.2 nm (measured by dynamic light scattering). The X-ray results demonstrated the incorporation of Nd as a dopant in the Mn₃O₄ phase. The Nd promoted oxygen deficit into the Mn₃O₄ crystalline network from 66.82 to 73.21 atom %. The distribution of Nd–Mn₃O₄NPs under the artificial breast tissue (ABT) was explored by mixing the following rates of NPs/ABT: 1 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 150 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL, and 600 μg/mL. Nd contents influenced the spatial distribution of nanoparticles into the ABT. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggested that Nd doping promotes a modification in the density of Mn⁻³ ions and increments the density of O²⁻ ions in the Mn₃O₄NPs. Findings suggested that a high density of O²⁻ ions could be linked with heat enhancement by microwave absorption in Mn₃O₄ based materials. The Mn₃O₄NPs with Nd contents of 0.4% showed suitable properties to be applied in novel therapy routes for breast cancer treatment based on hyperthermia induction by microwave irradiation due to heat enhancement between 42 °C and 46 °C in the lowest time.