TY - JOUR
T1 - The Isolation of Specialty Compounds from Amphidinium carterae Biomass by Two-Step Solid-Phase and Liquid-Liquid Extraction
AU - López-Rodríguez, Mercedes
AU - López-Rosales, Lorenzo
AU - Diletta, Giullia
AU - Cerón-García, María del Carmen
AU - Navarro-López, Elvira
AU - Gallardo-Rodríguez, Juan José
AU - Tristán, Ana Isabel
AU - Abreu, Ana Cristina
AU - García-Camacho, Francisco
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - The two main methods for partitioning crude methanolic extract from Amphidinium carterae biomass were compared. The objective was to obtain three enriched fractions containing amphidinols (APDs), carotenoids, and fatty acids. Since the most valuable bioproducts are APDs, their recovery was the principal goal. The first method consisted of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) in reverse phase that, for the first time, was optimized to fractionate organic methanolic extracts from Amphidinium carterae biomass using reverse-phase C18 as the adsorbent. The second method consisted of a two-step liquid-liquid extraction coupled with SPE and, alternatively, with solvent partitioning. The SPE method allowed the recovery of the biologically-active fraction (containing the APDs) by eluting with methanol (MeOH): water (H2O) (80:20 v/v). Alternatively, an APD purification strategy using solvent partitioning proved to be a better approach for providing APDs in a clear-cut way. When using n-butanol, APDs were obtained at a 70% concentration (w/w), whereas for the SPE method, the most concentrated fraction was only 18% (w/w). For the other fractions (carotenoids and fatty acids), a two-step liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method coupled with the solvent partitioning method presented the best results.
AB - The two main methods for partitioning crude methanolic extract from Amphidinium carterae biomass were compared. The objective was to obtain three enriched fractions containing amphidinols (APDs), carotenoids, and fatty acids. Since the most valuable bioproducts are APDs, their recovery was the principal goal. The first method consisted of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) in reverse phase that, for the first time, was optimized to fractionate organic methanolic extracts from Amphidinium carterae biomass using reverse-phase C18 as the adsorbent. The second method consisted of a two-step liquid-liquid extraction coupled with SPE and, alternatively, with solvent partitioning. The SPE method allowed the recovery of the biologically-active fraction (containing the APDs) by eluting with methanol (MeOH): water (H2O) (80:20 v/v). Alternatively, an APD purification strategy using solvent partitioning proved to be a better approach for providing APDs in a clear-cut way. When using n-butanol, APDs were obtained at a 70% concentration (w/w), whereas for the SPE method, the most concentrated fraction was only 18% (w/w). For the other fractions (carotenoids and fatty acids), a two-step liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method coupled with the solvent partitioning method presented the best results.
KW - amphidinol
KW - carotenoids
KW - dinoflagellate
KW - fatty acids
KW - liquid-liquid extraction
KW - solid-phase extraction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138458759&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/toxins14090593
DO - 10.3390/toxins14090593
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 36136531
AN - SCOPUS:85138458759
SN - 2072-6651
VL - 14
JO - Toxins
JF - Toxins
IS - 9
M1 - 593
ER -