Tasas de letalidad y factores de riesgo por COVID-19 en México

Introduction: COVID-19 is a viral disease disseminated worldwide, considered a pandemic with a high mortality rate, whose epidemiological study is fundamental to understand the risk associated with specific populations. Objectives: Estimate the case fatality rates and risk factors associated with mortality from COVID-19 in the five states with more infections in Mexico. Methods: 297,230 COVID-19 positive patients were analyzed using RT-PCR tests from 475 monitoring units in five states of Mexico. Case fatality rates and probability ratios were estimated by adjusting a multivariate logistic regression model. Risk factors were considered in a model that included the effects of sex, age, smoking habits, hospitalization history, pneumonia diagnosis, and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease, among others. Results: There is greater contagion among people aged 41 to 60 years. More than 90% of deaths occurred after the age of 41, with the case fatality rate increasing at an older age. Men showed a higher proportion of cases, deaths and case fatality rate. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that age, sex, hospitalization, pneumonia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease are significant risk factors (p < 0.0001) for COVID-19 mortality. Conclusions: In Mexico, age, sex, hospitalization, pneumonia, diabetes and chronic kidney disease are factors that increase the risk of mortality from COVID-19. It is suggested to take this information into account to determine vulnerable groups and increase attention to them to reduce, as far as possible, the risk of contagion and mortality.