TY - JOUR
T1 - Sonochemical synthesis of nanostructured anatase and study of the kinetics among phase transformation and coarsening as a function of heat treatment conditions
AU - Gonzalez-Reyes, Leonardo
AU - Hernández-Pérez, I.
AU - Robles Hernández, Francisco C.
AU - Rosales, Héctor Dorantes
AU - Arce-Estrada, Elsa M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank CONACyT-México, PIFI-IPN and SEPI-IPN for financial support.
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - In the present paper are investigated the microstructural, phase transformation and coarsening kinetics of nanometric anatase subjected to different heat treatment conditions. It is also demonstrated that nanostructured anatase can be produced by a novel methodology assisted sonochemical means with the following particles characteristics; an average particle size of 6.2 nm and a specific surface area of 300 m2 g-1. Sonochemically produced anatase subjected to heat treatments under ambient atmosphere conditions at temperatures from 773 K to 1073 K and times between 1 h and 72 h transforms only to rutile. Both rates, transformation to rutile and coarsening, increase with temperature. The critical size for the anatase particles to transform to rutile is temperature dependent. The coarsening kinetics, thus particle size, of the anatase and rutile investigated in this research can be predicted using exponential like equations. These equations are similar to the ones described in the LSW theory; in fact, the exponent changes as a function of time approaching 1/4 for times of 72 h of treatment. The characterization conducted in this research was assisted by means of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization results are given and discussed herein.
AB - In the present paper are investigated the microstructural, phase transformation and coarsening kinetics of nanometric anatase subjected to different heat treatment conditions. It is also demonstrated that nanostructured anatase can be produced by a novel methodology assisted sonochemical means with the following particles characteristics; an average particle size of 6.2 nm and a specific surface area of 300 m2 g-1. Sonochemically produced anatase subjected to heat treatments under ambient atmosphere conditions at temperatures from 773 K to 1073 K and times between 1 h and 72 h transforms only to rutile. Both rates, transformation to rutile and coarsening, increase with temperature. The critical size for the anatase particles to transform to rutile is temperature dependent. The coarsening kinetics, thus particle size, of the anatase and rutile investigated in this research can be predicted using exponential like equations. These equations are similar to the ones described in the LSW theory; in fact, the exponent changes as a function of time approaching 1/4 for times of 72 h of treatment. The characterization conducted in this research was assisted by means of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization results are given and discussed herein.
KW - Electron microscopy
KW - Functional applications
KW - Grain size
KW - Sonochemical treatment
KW - TiO
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=41149170232&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.10.013
DO - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.10.013
M3 - Artículo
SN - 0955-2219
VL - 28
SP - 1585
EP - 1594
JO - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
IS - 8
ER -