TY - JOUR
T1 - Seasonal and Spatial Variability of PM2.5 Concentration, and Associated Metal(loid) Content in the Toluca Valley, Mexico
AU - Barbosa-Sánchez, Ana Larissa
AU - Márquez-Herrera, Ciro
AU - Sosa-Echeverria, Rodolfo
AU - Díaz-Godoy, Raúl Venancio
AU - Gutiérrez-Castillo, María Eugenia
AU - Escamilla-Núñez, Consuelo
AU - Rule, Ana M.
AU - Sierra-Vargas, Martha Patricia
AU - Aztatzi-Aguilar, Octavio Gamaliel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - This study provides evidence of the seasonal and spatial variation of metal(lloid)s in particulate matter minor to 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area (TVMA), the fifth largest urban center in Mexico. Four sites were sampled between 2013 and 2014, which included urban and industrial areas, in the dry-cold (November-February) and dry-hot (March-May) seasons; PM2.5 was collected using high- and medium-volume samplers. Metal(lloid) concentrations in PM2.5 were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry (ICP‒MS). The highest 24-hour PM2.5 concentration in the northern area was observed, and the PM2.5 concentrations were independent of the season. Five metal(lloid)s with a recovery percentage above 80% were considered to be reported (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Sb). The maximum concentrations of metal(lloid)s were observed during the dry-cold season, and concentrations were up to one hundred or thousand fold with respect to the dry-hot season. The 24-hour PM2.5 and metal(lloid) concentrations exceeded national and international guidelines to protect population health.
AB - This study provides evidence of the seasonal and spatial variation of metal(lloid)s in particulate matter minor to 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area (TVMA), the fifth largest urban center in Mexico. Four sites were sampled between 2013 and 2014, which included urban and industrial areas, in the dry-cold (November-February) and dry-hot (March-May) seasons; PM2.5 was collected using high- and medium-volume samplers. Metal(lloid) concentrations in PM2.5 were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry (ICP‒MS). The highest 24-hour PM2.5 concentration in the northern area was observed, and the PM2.5 concentrations were independent of the season. Five metal(lloid)s with a recovery percentage above 80% were considered to be reported (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Sb). The maximum concentrations of metal(lloid)s were observed during the dry-cold season, and concentrations were up to one hundred or thousand fold with respect to the dry-hot season. The 24-hour PM2.5 and metal(lloid) concentrations exceeded national and international guidelines to protect population health.
KW - Metals and metalloids
KW - PM
KW - Seasonal and site variation
KW - Toluca valley
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137566452&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00128-022-03610-7
DO - 10.1007/s00128-022-03610-7
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 36070093
AN - SCOPUS:85137566452
SN - 0007-4861
VL - 109
SP - 1175
EP - 1182
JO - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
IS - 6
ER -