TY - JOUR
T1 - Pro-oxidant and antioxidant response elicited by CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and BrCHCl2 in Goodea gracilis using non-invasive methods
AU - Dzul-Caamal, Ricardo
AU - Olivares-Rubio, Hugo F.
AU - López-Tapia, Pamela
AU - Vega-López, Armando
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was financed by CONACyT , ICyTDF and SIP-IPN, México . R. Dzul-Caamal is a DSc. student with a scholarship from CONACyT and PIFI-IPN . H. F. Olivares-Rubio is a MSc. student with a scholarship from CONACyT and PIFI-IPN. P. López-Tapia is a BSc student. A. Vega-López are fellows of Estímulos al Desempeño en Investigación and Comisión y Fomento de Actividades Académicas (Instituto Politécnico Nacional) and Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI, CONACyT, México).
PY - 2013/8
Y1 - 2013/8
N2 - The development of non-invasive methods aimed to evaluate the effects of many toxicants is required. Although there are some studies conducted in successful ways, a lack of information prevails especially for those substances that could be formed autochthonously in the water bodies, such as halomethanes (HMs). In this study, induction of pro-oxidant forces (CH2O, O2, H2O2), oxidative stress (TBARS, RCO) and antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the skin mucus layer regarding to the liver of Goodea gracilis exposed to CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and BrCHCl2 were evaluated, in addition to the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP 2E1) and glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT) activities. Regardless of the implicit toxicity involved in the bioactivation of the HMs, carried out by the CYP 2E1 and GST, it was noticeable that this process induces oxidative stress. The usefulness of the mucus layer for the evaluation of the oxidative stress response was demonstrated, despite some peculiar characteristics concerning induction of oxidative stress in liver and skin mucous layer. However, for the understanding of the induction of reactive oxygen species in both targets it is essential to evaluate the activity of antioxidant defenses; otherwise the interpretation of toxic effects elicited by HMs would be erroneous. In the skin mucus layer, lower activities of the enzymes involved in antioxidant defense than in liver were observed. The evaluation of the biomarkers in the skin mucus layer involved in the oxidative stress is useful due the consistent response regarding to concentration of the HMs.
AB - The development of non-invasive methods aimed to evaluate the effects of many toxicants is required. Although there are some studies conducted in successful ways, a lack of information prevails especially for those substances that could be formed autochthonously in the water bodies, such as halomethanes (HMs). In this study, induction of pro-oxidant forces (CH2O, O2, H2O2), oxidative stress (TBARS, RCO) and antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the skin mucus layer regarding to the liver of Goodea gracilis exposed to CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and BrCHCl2 were evaluated, in addition to the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP 2E1) and glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT) activities. Regardless of the implicit toxicity involved in the bioactivation of the HMs, carried out by the CYP 2E1 and GST, it was noticeable that this process induces oxidative stress. The usefulness of the mucus layer for the evaluation of the oxidative stress response was demonstrated, despite some peculiar characteristics concerning induction of oxidative stress in liver and skin mucous layer. However, for the understanding of the induction of reactive oxygen species in both targets it is essential to evaluate the activity of antioxidant defenses; otherwise the interpretation of toxic effects elicited by HMs would be erroneous. In the skin mucus layer, lower activities of the enzymes involved in antioxidant defense than in liver were observed. The evaluation of the biomarkers in the skin mucus layer involved in the oxidative stress is useful due the consistent response regarding to concentration of the HMs.
KW - Antioxidant defenses
KW - Carbonyl proteins
KW - Halomethanes
KW - Liver
KW - ROS
KW - Skin mucus layer
KW - TBARS
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84891589993&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.005
DO - 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.005
M3 - Artículo
SN - 1095-6433
VL - 165
SP - 515
EP - 527
JO - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology
JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology
IS - 4
ER -