Preeclampsia is associated with ACE I/D polymorphism, obesity and oxidative damage in Mexican women

Objective This study sought to determine whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism, obesity and oxidative damage are risk factors for the development of preeclampsia in Mexican women. Study design A total of 66 women with preeclampsia (PE) and 37 women with normal pregnancies (NP) were included in the study. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and the ACE I/D polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. ACE activity and oxidative damage were assessed in plasma. The intergroup comparisons were analyzed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc tests. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was tested by x² analysis, odds ratios (OR) were calculated as a measure of the degree of relative risk of preeclampsia, and for correlations, we used Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results The frequency of the DD genotype was higher in PE (34.84%) than NP (10.82%). The OR of the DD genotype and D allele were associated with a 4.4-fold (CI = 95% 2.24–14) and 3-fold (CI = 95% 1.69–5.62) increased risk of developing PE, respectively. Major ACE activity in the DD genotype and obesity were features of the PE group; oxidative damage to proteins and a reduction in the activity of the antioxidant system showed a correlation with BMI (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our results suggest that ACE I/D polymorphism, high ACE activity, body mass index and oxidative damage may play key roles in the pathogenesis of PE in the Mexican population. Furthermore, these findings could be used as predictive factors of PE.