Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.): Potential uses in agriculture, industry and medicine

The aim of this review was to analyze the scientific information on Moringa oleifera Lam. in terms of its distribution, chemical composition and characterization, which allows backing up its medicinal, agricultural, livestock and industrial uses. The moringa is a tree native to India and introduced into the Americas. Its growth habitat is tropical (< 2000 masl). Proteins, fiber, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and secondary metabolites (carotenoids and tocopherols) have been quantified in the plant, which partly explains its uses as food, a disease treatment (respiratory, gastrointestinal, inflammatory, cardiac, nutritional and skin ailments), a soil improver, raw material for the food and cosmetics industries and for the treatment of contaminated water. The results allowed identifying the attributes and applications of moringa, as well as the need for specific studies to enhance its production and application technology for the benefit of the consumer.