Modification of mechanical properties of submerged arc welds by adding Mn₂O₃- or TiO₂-NPs directly to the beveled surface of low-carbon steels

Engineering & Materials Science

• Low carbon steel 84%
• Ferrite 59%
• Welds 58%
• Needles 51%
• Mechanical properties 47%
• Scanning electron microscopy 28%
• Microhardness 24%
• TiO2 nanoparticles 17%
• Joining 11%
• Toughness 11%
• Yield stress 11%
• Welding 9%
• Tensile strength 9%

Chemistry

• Acicular Crystal 100%
• Needle Like Crystal 61%
• Modification 40%
• Surface Density 34%
• Microhardness 31%
• Surface 23%
• Length 17%
• Yield Point 16%
• Calorific Value 15%
• Tensile Strength 12%
• Plate Like Crystal 11%
• Cleavage 10%
• Scanning Electron Microscopy 8%
• Energy 6%