Modern sustainable conservation practices for sustainable soil management

Agriculture is an essential need for the existence of humans and other species on this planet. Apart from food, agriculture provides us other like materials fuel, fodder, cloth, and shelter. The worldwide growing population posing a threat to the food security of the future generation. As the area under agriculture was limited and even getting reduced due to various reasons like industrialization. The challenge to feed this growing population with limited land resources forces our farmers to make use of fertilizers to increase their productivity. Long term dependence on these fertilizers and other agrochemicals deplete the soil fertility as well as crop health. Depleted soil health or fertility can be revived by following some practices like crop rotation, weed control, soil erosion, biochar application, and growing green manure, etc. As soil fertility is a manageable property, so it becomes our responsibility to revive it and assure our future generation’s food security. By using the above-mentioned practices, we move towards organic and sustainable farming. This farming improves both soil fertility and environmental ecology to a great extent. In this chapter, we will discuss more about the soil fertility like factors deteriorating soil fertility, factors improving soil fertility, and soil fertility dependence.