Manejo y aprovechamiento de la agrobiodiversidad en el sistema milpa del sureste de México

In this research, the agrobiodiversity from the milpa system, in the tropical region of San Felipe Usila, Mexico, was described and classified on base to farmers' perception about phenotypic diversity and use of variability intra-specific, and gathered biodiversity at parcel level. So, under an agroecosystem approach, varied information was completed on three production systems, named as: abrupt hills (> 18° of inclination), rolling hills with irregular and stony zones but slopes from 6 to 18°, and lands of alluvial plains (< 6°) near to riverine zones. Therefore, in order to obtain the perception of diversity and uses on the agrobiodiversity, 200 semistructured questionnaire were applied to equal number of farmers from twelve Chinantec indigenous communities from San Felipe Usila. In the chi-square tests were detected significant relations (P < 0.05) between agroecosystems and its relationships with phenotypic variants of common bean and maize, intercropped crops, moisture regimens for planting, sown area and months of sowing, flowering and harvesting in maize cultivation. As result of the multiple correspondence analysis was detected that, managing and use patterns of the diversity are directly related with geographic-cultural regions, which are located the agroecosystems and farmers' plots. Commonly, in the production plots are planted, cultivated and/or recollected until 26 species, and the main planted crops are: maize (five phenotypic variants), common bean (21 commercial varieties and native populations), squash (four variants) and cassava (three variants). In addition, it was evident a high use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, until 22 different products.