Ion beam analysis of partial lithium extraction of LiMn₂O ₄ by chemical delithiation

Lithium manganese oxide, LiMn₂O₄, has been studied by many research groups. This material is a great candidate to be used as positive electrode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries because of its low cost, abundant precursors and non-toxicity. LiMn₂O₄ has a spinel Fd-3m structure and shows a reversible extraction and insertion of lithium ions that is one of the most important characteristic of positive electrodes in rechargeable batteries. In this work, LiMn₂O₄ samples were synthesized by solid state reaction. A partial lithium removal was performed on this system by chemical delithiation using HCl aqueous solutions at different concentrations. Six partial-extracted compounds were obtained and characterized by Ion beam analysis (IBA) in order to obtain the Li concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld analyses were also performed. A rigorous study of lithium contents is critical to analyze the structure properties of these compounds and samples production parameters. The IBA method used in this work was the analysis of energy spectra of elastic backscattered (EBS) proton from Mn, O and Li nuclei and the α-particles energy from the ⁷Li(p,α)⁴He nuclear reaction (NR).