Inhibition of lipid synthesis and secretion in long-term cultures of adult rat hepatocyes by α-asarone

In this work we studied the effect of α-asarone, a hypolipidemic active principle of Guatteria gaumeri Greenman, on hepatic lipid metabolism using adult rat hepatocytes cultured on a feeder layer of 3T3 cells. These cultures synthesize and secrete for at least two weeks various lipids from [¹⁴C]-acetic and [¹⁴C]-oleic acid. Exposure for one or two weeks to 10 μg/ml of α-asarone decreased the secretion of various lipids to the culture medium; triacylglycerol secretion was inhibited by 80-97%, phospholipid secretion by 70-87%, cholesterol by 64-70%, and cholesterol esters by 50-92%. The incorporation of [¹⁴C]-acetic acid into cellular lipids decreased by 30-81% and that of [¹⁴C]-oleic acid into phospholipids by 25-47% whereas the incorporation of [¹⁴C]-oleic acid into triglycerides and cholesterol esters increased 3.2 fold and by 28-36%, respectively. Similarly, the activities of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme, marker enzymes of glycerolipid and fatty acid synthesis, decreased by 22-50% and 30-76%, respectively. Our results show that the exposure of the 3T3-hepatocyte cultures to micromolar concentrations of α-asarone significantly inhibits lipid secretion and probably lipid synthesis. They also suggest that at least part of the hypolipidemic effect could be due to a decrease in the secretion of lipids (i.e., lipoproteins) by the hepatocytes.