Green Efficient Synthesis of Oxadiazole Derivatives as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act as a major class of therapeutic agents. The biological activity of NSAIDs is due to the suppression of prostaglandin biosynthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. COX is an endogenous enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. But the significant side effect by NSAIDs is the formation of gastric ulcers, irritation and GI bleeding. Therefore, alternative drugs that can overcome these limitations are necessary. Towards the goal, oxadiazole derivatives are designed and synthesized following a green chemistry approach. This method helps to reduce environmental pollution and the formation of by-products so that the yield of products is increased in less reaction time. It is observed that the anti-inflammatory activity of oxadiazoles is based on dual mechanisms, such as the inhibition of both COX and LOX (lipoxygenase) enzyme thereby reducing gastric ulceration. On this basis, research is carried out to develop efficient anti-inflammatory agents with minimal side effects by incorporating the oxadiazole moiety.