Evaluation of Cytochrome P4502E1 mRNA Expression and Its Effects in Antioxidant Defenses, and Cell Toxicity in Printing Workers

Background: Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) metabolizes environmental toxins, however, compound metabolism can produce oxidative stress, causing in-cell toxicity and sometimes transformation. Aim: To evaluate CYP2E1 gene expression and its effects in antioxidant defenses, and cell toxicity in printing workers. Methods: The hierarchical method of health and chemical risk was used to evaluate chemical exposure in workplace. Blood samples and buccal epithelial cells were obtained from printing workers, and workers without any history of occupational exposure to chemicals (control group). Gene expression of CYP2E1, and antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) from leukocytes were evaluated. Hematic analysis and cell-free DNA from plasma were analyzed. Frequencies of cells with micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities from buccal epithelial cells were explored. Results: Evaluation of chemical exposure in working place demonstrated that ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and isophorone represent 91% of the accumulated potential risk. CYP2E1 expression showed a 2.5-fold overexpression in the printing workers compared to the control group. SOD expression showed a 0.5-fold lower level in the printing workers than the control group, and CAT expression showed no differences between groups. Lower red blood cell and platelet values were detected in the printing workers than in the control group, and cell-free DNA plasma concentration was 3-fold higher in the printing workers than in the control group. The printing workers showed a higher frequency of cells with MN and nuclear anomalies than the control group. Conclusion: CYP2E1 overexpression triggers antioxidant defenses and toxic cell effects in printing workers.