TY - JOUR
T1 - Epidemiology of systemic mycoses in the covid-19 pandemic
AU - Frías-De-león, María Guadalupe
AU - Pinto-Almazán, Rodolfo
AU - Hernández-Castro, Rigoberto
AU - García-Salazar, Eduardo
AU - Meza-Meneses, Patricia
AU - Rodríguez-Cerdeira, Carmen
AU - Arenas, Roberto
AU - Conde-Cuevas, Esther
AU - Acosta-Altamirano, Gustavo
AU - Martínez-Herrera, Erick
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - The physiopathologic characteristics of COVID-19 (high levels of inflammatory cytokines and T-cell reduction) promote fungal colonization and infection, which can go unnoticed because the symptoms in both diseases are very similar. The objective of this work was to study the current epidemiology of systemic mycosis in COVID-19 times. A literature search on the subject (January 2020–February 2021) was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS without language restrictions. Demographic data, etiological agent, risk factors, diagnostic methods, antifungal treatment, and fatality rate were considered. Eighty nine publications were found on co-infection by COVID-19 and pneumocystosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, coccidioidomycosis, or histoplasmosis. In general, the co-infections occurred in males over the age of 40 with immunosuppression caused by various conditions. Several species were identified in candidiasis and aspergillosis co-infections. For diagnosis, diverse methods were used, from microbiological to molecular. Most patients received antifungals; however, the fatality rates were 11–100%. The latter may result because the clinical picture is usually attributed exclusively to SARS-CoV-2, preventing a clinical suspicion for mycosis. Diagnostic tests also have limitations beginning with sampling. Therefore, in the remainder of the pandemic, these diagnostic limitations must be overcome to achieve a better patient prognosis.
AB - The physiopathologic characteristics of COVID-19 (high levels of inflammatory cytokines and T-cell reduction) promote fungal colonization and infection, which can go unnoticed because the symptoms in both diseases are very similar. The objective of this work was to study the current epidemiology of systemic mycosis in COVID-19 times. A literature search on the subject (January 2020–February 2021) was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS without language restrictions. Demographic data, etiological agent, risk factors, diagnostic methods, antifungal treatment, and fatality rate were considered. Eighty nine publications were found on co-infection by COVID-19 and pneumocystosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, coccidioidomycosis, or histoplasmosis. In general, the co-infections occurred in males over the age of 40 with immunosuppression caused by various conditions. Several species were identified in candidiasis and aspergillosis co-infections. For diagnosis, diverse methods were used, from microbiological to molecular. Most patients received antifungals; however, the fatality rates were 11–100%. The latter may result because the clinical picture is usually attributed exclusively to SARS-CoV-2, preventing a clinical suspicion for mycosis. Diagnostic tests also have limitations beginning with sampling. Therefore, in the remainder of the pandemic, these diagnostic limitations must be overcome to achieve a better patient prognosis.
KW - Aspergillosis
KW - COVID-19
KW - Candidiasis
KW - Co-infection
KW - Endemic mycosis
KW - Mucormycosis
KW - Pneumocystosis
KW - Systemic mycoses
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111121488&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/jof7070556
DO - 10.3390/jof7070556
M3 - Artículo de revisión
AN - SCOPUS:85111121488
SN - 2309-608X
VL - 7
JO - Journal of Fungi
JF - Journal of Fungi
IS - 7
M1 - 556
ER -