TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization and in vitro biological effects of concentrated particulate matter from Mexico City
AU - De Vizcaya-Ruiz, A.
AU - Gutiérrez-Castillo, M. E.
AU - Uribe-Ramirez, M.
AU - Cebrián, M. E.
AU - Mugica-Alvarez, V.
AU - Sepúlveda, J.
AU - Rosas, I.
AU - Salinas, E.
AU - Garcia-Cuéllar, C.
AU - Martínez, F.
AU - Alfaro-Moreno, E.
AU - Torres-Flores, V.
AU - Osornio-Vargas, A.
AU - Sioutas, C.
AU - Fine, P. M.
AU - Singh, M.
AU - Geller, M. D.
AU - Kuhn, T.
AU - Miguel, A. H.
AU - Eiguren-Fernandez, A.
AU - Schiestl, R. H.
AU - Reliene, R.
AU - Froines, J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financed by UC MEXUS-CONACYT Collaborative Grant and the UCLA-Fogarty Program, Southern California Particle Center and Supersite (EPA-STAR R82735201), Southern California Environmental Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Grant #5 P30 ES07048-07 and the California Air Resources Board (98-416). The authors wish to acknowledge the support from the Mexico City Monitoring Network, particularly Armando Retama and Rafael Ramos, and Centro Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación Ambiental (CENICA) for the support on the microscopic analysis. Also Debra A. Schimtz from the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology at UCLA for the technical support in the redox activity analysis, Dr. K. Patel-Coleman for the logistic support for sampling and Leticia Martinez from CCA, UNAM for the technical support on the biological content determination.
PY - 2006
Y1 - 2006
N2 - Coarse and fine particles were collected using an ambient particle concentrator (VACES system) in the north, center and south regions of Mexico City during May and November of 2003 with the aim of collecting enough particulate matter (PM) to examine their chemical and physical characteristics, biological content, and toxicity potential. The chemical, morphological and biological composition of PM was determined, together with the redox activity, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage. Carbonaceous species determined by thermal-optical transmittance (TOT) showed that the highest concentrations were found in PM2.5 from the north and in PM10 from the center. When analyzed by inductively coupling plasma (ICP), levels of metals were higher in the coarse fraction, mainly in the north. Morphological analysis by Scanning Electron Microscope & Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX) is shown. Bacteria, fungi and endotoxin were present mostly in the coarse samples from the north. Fine PM had higher redox activity, than the coarse PM assessed by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Early apoptotic cell death assessed by annexin V was observed in A549 cells exposed to PM from all regions, particularly with those collected in May. The fine fraction from the south induced higher apoptotic cell death compared to the coarse fraction, in contrast, the coarse fraction from the north induced significantly higher apoptosis than the fine fraction. All PM samples induced DNA damage assessed by the comet assay on THP-1 cells when exposed to a concentration of 10 μg/mL, the highest DNA damage was produced by both particle fractions collected in the north in May and November. In conclusion, PM from the north showed a higher metal and biological content, apoptotic cell death induction and more extensive DNA damage. Also, fine PM fractions from all sampled regions showed more redox activity than the coarse fraction. In summary, location, season and size of PM collection influenced their chemical, morphological and biological composition and thus their toxicity to cells.
AB - Coarse and fine particles were collected using an ambient particle concentrator (VACES system) in the north, center and south regions of Mexico City during May and November of 2003 with the aim of collecting enough particulate matter (PM) to examine their chemical and physical characteristics, biological content, and toxicity potential. The chemical, morphological and biological composition of PM was determined, together with the redox activity, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage. Carbonaceous species determined by thermal-optical transmittance (TOT) showed that the highest concentrations were found in PM2.5 from the north and in PM10 from the center. When analyzed by inductively coupling plasma (ICP), levels of metals were higher in the coarse fraction, mainly in the north. Morphological analysis by Scanning Electron Microscope & Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX) is shown. Bacteria, fungi and endotoxin were present mostly in the coarse samples from the north. Fine PM had higher redox activity, than the coarse PM assessed by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Early apoptotic cell death assessed by annexin V was observed in A549 cells exposed to PM from all regions, particularly with those collected in May. The fine fraction from the south induced higher apoptotic cell death compared to the coarse fraction, in contrast, the coarse fraction from the north induced significantly higher apoptosis than the fine fraction. All PM samples induced DNA damage assessed by the comet assay on THP-1 cells when exposed to a concentration of 10 μg/mL, the highest DNA damage was produced by both particle fractions collected in the north in May and November. In conclusion, PM from the north showed a higher metal and biological content, apoptotic cell death induction and more extensive DNA damage. Also, fine PM fractions from all sampled regions showed more redox activity than the coarse fraction. In summary, location, season and size of PM collection influenced their chemical, morphological and biological composition and thus their toxicity to cells.
KW - Ambient particulate
KW - Apoptosis
KW - CAPs and in vitro
KW - Chemical composition
KW - DNA damage
KW - Dithiothreitol assay
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33748809021&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.073
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.073
M3 - Artículo
SN - 1352-2310
VL - 40
SP - 583
EP - 592
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
IS - SUPPL. 2
ER -