TY - JOUR
T1 - Antifungal resistance in Candida auris
T2 - Molecular determinants
AU - Frías-De-león, María Guadalupe
AU - Hernández-Castro, Rigoberto
AU - Vite-Garín, Tania
AU - Arenas, Roberto
AU - Bonifaz, Alexandro
AU - Castañón-Olivares, Laura
AU - Acosta-Altamirano, Gustavo
AU - Martínez-Herrera, Erick
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Since Candida auris integrates strains resistant to multiple antifungals, research has been conducted focused on knowing which molecular mechanisms are involved. This review aims to summarize the results obtained in some of these studies. A search was carried out by consulting websites and online databases. The analysis indicates that most C. auris strains show higher resistance to fluconazole, followed by amphotericin B, and less resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and caspofungin. In C. auris, antifungal resistance to amphotericin B has been linked to an overexpression of several mutated ERG genes that lead to reduced ergosterol levels; fluconazole resistance is mostly explained by mutations identified in the ERG11 gene, as well as a higher number of copies of this gene and the overexpression of efflux pumps. For 5-fluorocytosine, it is hypothesized that the resistance is due to mutations in the FCY2, FCY1, and FUR1 genes. Resistance to caspofungin has been associated with a mutation in the FKS1 gene. Finally, resistance to each antifungal is closely related to the type of clade to which the strain belongs.
AB - Since Candida auris integrates strains resistant to multiple antifungals, research has been conducted focused on knowing which molecular mechanisms are involved. This review aims to summarize the results obtained in some of these studies. A search was carried out by consulting websites and online databases. The analysis indicates that most C. auris strains show higher resistance to fluconazole, followed by amphotericin B, and less resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and caspofungin. In C. auris, antifungal resistance to amphotericin B has been linked to an overexpression of several mutated ERG genes that lead to reduced ergosterol levels; fluconazole resistance is mostly explained by mutations identified in the ERG11 gene, as well as a higher number of copies of this gene and the overexpression of efflux pumps. For 5-fluorocytosine, it is hypothesized that the resistance is due to mutations in the FCY2, FCY1, and FUR1 genes. Resistance to caspofungin has been associated with a mutation in the FKS1 gene. Finally, resistance to each antifungal is closely related to the type of clade to which the strain belongs.
KW - 5-fluorocytosine
KW - Amphotericin B
KW - Antifungal resistance
KW - Candida auris
KW - Caspofungin
KW - Fluconazole
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090515213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/antibiotics9090568
DO - 10.3390/antibiotics9090568
M3 - Artículo de revisión
AN - SCOPUS:85090515213
SN - 2079-6382
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 16
JO - Antibiotics
JF - Antibiotics
IS - 9
M1 - 568
ER -