TY - JOUR
T1 - Active shiga-like toxin produced by some Aeromonas spp., isolated in Mexico City
AU - Palma-Martínez, Ingrid
AU - Guerrero-Mandujano, Andrea
AU - Ruiz-Ruiz, Manuel J.
AU - Hernández-Cortez, Cecilia
AU - Molina-López, José
AU - Bocanegra-García, Virgilio
AU - Castro-Escarpulli, Graciela
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Palma-Martínez, Guerrero-Mandujano, Ruiz-Ruiz, Hernández-Cortez, Molina, Bocanegra-García and Castro-Escarpulli.
PY - 2016/9/26
Y1 - 2016/9/26
N2 - Shiga-like toxins (Stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins involved in human and animal diseases. Stx is produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, Citrobacter freundii, and Aeromonas spp.; Stx is an important cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim of this study was to identify the stx1/stx2 genes in clinical strains and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Aeromonas spp., 66 strains were isolated from children who live in Mexico City, and Stx effects were evaluated in Vero cell cultures. The capacity to express active Stx1 and Stx2 toxins was determined in Vero cell cultures and the concentration of Stx was evaluated by 50% lethal dose (LD50) assays, observing inhibition of damaged cells by specific monoclonal antibodies. The results obtained in this study support the hypothesis that the stx gene is another putative virulence factor of Aeromonas, and since this gene can be transferred horizontally through OMVs this genus should be included as a possible causal agents of gastroenteritis and it should be reported as part of standard health surveillance procedures. Furthermore, these results indicate that the Aeromonas genus might be a potential causative agent of HUS.
AB - Shiga-like toxins (Stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins involved in human and animal diseases. Stx is produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, Citrobacter freundii, and Aeromonas spp.; Stx is an important cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim of this study was to identify the stx1/stx2 genes in clinical strains and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Aeromonas spp., 66 strains were isolated from children who live in Mexico City, and Stx effects were evaluated in Vero cell cultures. The capacity to express active Stx1 and Stx2 toxins was determined in Vero cell cultures and the concentration of Stx was evaluated by 50% lethal dose (LD50) assays, observing inhibition of damaged cells by specific monoclonal antibodies. The results obtained in this study support the hypothesis that the stx gene is another putative virulence factor of Aeromonas, and since this gene can be transferred horizontally through OMVs this genus should be included as a possible causal agents of gastroenteritis and it should be reported as part of standard health surveillance procedures. Furthermore, these results indicate that the Aeromonas genus might be a potential causative agent of HUS.
KW - Aeromonas spp
KW - Diarrhea
KW - Outer membrane vesicles
KW - Shiga-like toxin
KW - Uremic hemolytic syndrome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84993949153&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01522
DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01522
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 27725813
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 7
JO - Frontiers in Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Microbiology
IS - SEP
M1 - 1522
ER -