A ten-year monitoring of essential and non-essential elements in the dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus from the southern Gulf of California

The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were measured in muscle tissue of Coryphaena hippurus captured in the southern Gulf of California to determine inter-annual variations and their relation with environmental parameters for the period 2006–2015; additionally, health risk to consumers was assessed according to levels of studied elements and rate of fish consumption in northwest Mexico. During 2014 and 2015 the levels of As, Cd, Cu, and Zn were significantly lower than the rest of the years; in the case of As, it was also significantly lower in 2010. Oceanic Niño Index was negatively correlated with Zn concentrations in fish, while sea surface temperature was negatively correlated with Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations in dolphinfish. The simultaneous occurrence of the analyzed elements in muscle of dolphinfish indicated that health effects on consumers are not likely to occur; nevertheless, fishermen with elevated fish consumption might be at risk.