TY - JOUR
T1 - 1H-NMR Based Metabolomics Profiling of Citrus Juices Produced in Veracruz, México
AU - Villa-Ruano, Nemesio
AU - Pérez-Hernández, Nury
AU - Zepeda-Vallejo, L. Gerardo
AU - Quiroz-Acosta, Tayde
AU - Mendieta-Moctezuma, Aarón
AU - Montoya-García, César
AU - García-Nava, Marco L.
AU - Becerra-Martínez, Elvia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland
PY - 2019/5
Y1 - 2019/5
N2 - This study describes the 1H-NMR-based metabolomics profiling of juices from citrus fruits harvested in the state of Veracruz, México. The hydrophilic profile of commercial lemons (Agrio and Persian), tangerines (Fremont and Mónica), oranges (Valencia and Washington Navel), and grapefruits (Red Ruby and Rio Red) was determined. According to our results, 35 metabolites were identified in the 1H-NMR profiling. The statistical differences obtained by PCA and OPLS-DA revealed that specific amino acids, sugars, and organic acids were differential metabolites in the species and cultivars studied. High endogenous levels of sucrose (10–190 mM), α-glucose, β-glucose (α- and β-isomers, 40–205 mm), and fructose (36–170 mm) were detected in the juices of grapefruits, oranges, and tangerines, whereas citric acid (40–530 mm) was the principal organic acid in the juices of lemons. To calculate the specific amounts of metabolites from these species and their cultivars, the results were finely analyzed using the qNMR method. According to these calculations, Valencia oranges had the highest concentration of ascorbic acid (>2 mm). The described 1H-NMR method is highly reproducible, inexpensive, and highly robust in comparison to other analytical methods used to determine the hydrophilic profile of citrus juices.
AB - This study describes the 1H-NMR-based metabolomics profiling of juices from citrus fruits harvested in the state of Veracruz, México. The hydrophilic profile of commercial lemons (Agrio and Persian), tangerines (Fremont and Mónica), oranges (Valencia and Washington Navel), and grapefruits (Red Ruby and Rio Red) was determined. According to our results, 35 metabolites were identified in the 1H-NMR profiling. The statistical differences obtained by PCA and OPLS-DA revealed that specific amino acids, sugars, and organic acids were differential metabolites in the species and cultivars studied. High endogenous levels of sucrose (10–190 mM), α-glucose, β-glucose (α- and β-isomers, 40–205 mm), and fructose (36–170 mm) were detected in the juices of grapefruits, oranges, and tangerines, whereas citric acid (40–530 mm) was the principal organic acid in the juices of lemons. To calculate the specific amounts of metabolites from these species and their cultivars, the results were finely analyzed using the qNMR method. According to these calculations, Valencia oranges had the highest concentration of ascorbic acid (>2 mm). The described 1H-NMR method is highly reproducible, inexpensive, and highly robust in comparison to other analytical methods used to determine the hydrophilic profile of citrus juices.
KW - Citrus sp.
KW - analytical methods
KW - metabolomics
KW - nuclear magnetic resonance
KW - principal component analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065420750&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/cbdv.201800479
DO - 10.1002/cbdv.201800479
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 30807682
AN - SCOPUS:85065420750
SN - 1612-1872
VL - 16
JO - Chemistry and Biodiversity
JF - Chemistry and Biodiversity
IS - 5
M1 - e1800479
ER -